Preface -- Transliteration Notes -- Table of Transliteration -- Foreword -- Historical Setting -- The Land and the Peoples -- The Position of the Jews in the Previous Centuries -- PART I URBAN JEWS AND THEIR TRIBAL AGHAS -- Preliminary Remarks on the Tribal Kurdish Society -- A. The Division between Urban and Rural, Town and Tribe -- B. The Dual System of Government -- C. Patronage of the Jews by Kurdish Aghas -- D. Social, Economic and Religious Institutions -- Chapter One Zakho -- A. The Family of Shamdin Agha -- B. Tribal Aghas and Their Jewish and Christian Subjects -- C. The Murders of Assyrians in Bersibi and Kestaye -- D. Hajji Sadiq Biro of the Gulli Tribe and His Jewish Protégé Nahum Sabto -- Chapter Two Aqra -- A. Khawaja Khinno's Household -- B. The Barzani Tribal Chiefs and the Jews -- Chapter Three Dohuk -- A. Sa'id Agha Doski, His Sons and the Jews of Dohuk -- B. Shaikh Abdallah Barifkani -- C. The Feud between Hajji Malo and Shaikh Nuri -- Chapter Four Amadiya -- A. Amadiya in the Previous Centuries -- B. Relations with Local Officials and Aghas -- Chapter Five Sulaimaniya -- A. The Establishment of Sulaimaniya from the Jews' Perspective -- B. Incident against the Jews -- C. The Aghas and the Jews: Shaikh Mahmud Berzenji -- Chapter Six Shino, Mulla Mustafa and the Jews -- A. Barzani's Jewish Liaison -- B. Urban Jews and Their Aghas: Concluding Remarks -- PART II RURAL JEWS AND THEIR TRIBAL AGHAS -- Chapter One The Experience of Rural Jews -- A. Sandur, a Jewish Village -- B. Tribal and Non-Tribal Societies -- C. Tribal Patronage -- D. The Image of the Jews -- E. The Status of the Jews -- F. The Jewish Subjects as Assets -- G. Loyalty of the Jews -- H. Helping the Agha -- Chapter Two Guardianship and Justice by the Aghas -- A. Physical Escort -- B. The Justice of Tribal Aghas -- C. Rural Jews and Their Agha: Concluding Remarks.

PART III SOME ASPECTS OF DAILY AND PERSONAL LIFE -- Chapter One The Safety of Jews in Kurdistan -- A. Motives for Migration -- B. Murder of Jews in the Tribal Setting -The Tribal Response -- Chapter Two The Economic Position of the Jews -- A. Before the 20th Century -- B. The Main Occupations of Jews -- Chapter Three Conversion of Jews to Islam in the Kurdish Society -- A. Conversion of Jews to Islam -- B. Main Causes for Conversion -- C. Mechanisms Applied by the Jews to Overturn Conversion -- D. The Role of Aghas and Shaikhs -- E. Conversion of Jewish Men -- PART IV THE LAST GENERATION IN KURDISTAN: BETWEEN WWI AND THE IMMIGRATION TO ISRAEL -- Chapter One Jewish Experience during World War I: Conscription and Evasion -- A. Evading Military Service -- B. Migration because of Scarcity of Food -- C. Forced Labor -- D. Casualties of Jewish Soldiers -- Chapter Two The End of the War and the Years Following -- A. New Political Developments -- Chapter Three Jews, Kurds and Arabs, 1941-1952 -- A. Effects of the Farhud Pogroms -- B. Effects of the Establishment of the State of Israel -- C. Accusations and Imprisonment of Jews -- D. Economic Pressure before the Emigration to Israel -- Concluding Remarks -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Notes on the Informants -- Map: Kurdistan Region -- Index.

This volume deals with the experience and the position of non-tribal Jewish subjects and their relationships with their tribal chieftains (aghas) in urban centers and villages in Kurdistan. It is based on new oral sources, diligently collected and carefully analyzed.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.