Book Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introducing pro-and anti-social behaviour -- Introducing pro-social behaviour -- Real-life examples -- Why help others? -- The Kitty Genovese tragedy -- Defining pro-social behaviour -- Introducing anti-social behaviour -- Hostile and instrumental aggression -- Anti-social aggression -- Pro-social aggression -- Sanctioned aggression -- Psychological approaches to pro-social behaviour -- Psychological approaches to anti-social behaviour -- Further reading -- Section I PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR -- 2 Traditional explanations of pro-social behaviour -- Biological explanations -- Natural selection -- Reciprocal altruism -- Kin selection -- Genetic determinism -- Evaluation -- Learning explanations -- Learning Theory -- Evaluation -- Age differences and helping -- Summary -- Further reading -- 3 Social-psychological explanations of pro-social behaviour -- Norm theories -- Reciprocity norm -- Evaluation -- Social responsibility norm -- Evaluation -- Personalised Norms -- Evaluation -- Empathy and arousal in pro-social behaviour -- Introduction -- The Negative state relief model -- Experimental support -- The empathy-altruism model -- Experimental support -- The empathic-joy hypothesis -- Empathic joy in children -- Cognitive explanations of pro-social behaviour -- The Latane and Darley cognitive model -- Experimental support -- Evaluation -- Attributions and helping -- Cost-benefit Analysis -- Support for cost-benefit analysis -- Summary -- Further reading -- 4 Individual and environmental explanations of pro-social behaviour -- Personal determinants of helping: who helps whom? -- Characteristics of the potential helper -- Helping and mood -- Characteristics of those in need -- Gender and cultural differences in pro-social behaviour -- Introduction.

Gender differences -- Cultural differences -- Field research -- In-group and out-group behaviour -- Situational determinants of helping behaviour -- City versus rural life -- The stimulus overload theory -- Pro-social behaviour and environmental psychology -- Pleasant odours -- Noise -- Evaluation -- Density and crowding -- Temperature -- Summary -- Further reading -- 5 Bystander effects on pro-social behaviour -- Bystander effects in the laboratory -- The Darley and Latane studies -- Evaluation -- Further Darley and Latane studies -- Explaining bystander effects in the laboratory -- Audience inhibition -- Diffusion of responsibility -- Pluralistic ignorance -- Evaluation -- Bystander effects in the natural environment -- Introduction -- Subway Samaritans -- Evaluation -- Summary -- Further reading -- Section II ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR -- 6 Traditional explanations of anti-social behaviour -- Instinct theories of anti-social behaviour -- Freud on aggression -- Lorenz on aggression -- Evaluation -- Social learning and aggression -- Introduction -- Laboratory studies of imitation and reinforcement -- Evaluation -- Cultural diversity and learning -- Summary -- Further reading -- 7 Social-psychological explanations of anti-social behaviour -- The frustration-aggression hypothesis -- Laboratory demonstrations of frustration and aggression -- Measuring aggression in the laboratory -- Variables affecting frustration-aggression -- Frustration and anti-social behaviour -- Evaluation -- The weapons effect -- Laboratory demonstrations of the weapons effect -- Evaluation -- Weapons and cultural differences -- The excitation transfer theory -- Experimental support -- Evaluation -- Cognitive neo-associationism -- The social construction of aggression -- Impression management -- Social constructionism and aggressive crowds -- Deindividuation and anti-social behaviour.

Laboratory studies of deindividuation -- Deindividuation in children -- Extremes of deindividuation -- Evaluation -- Summary -- Further reading -- 8 Individual and environmental explanations of anti-social behaviour -- Anti-social behaviour and the individual -- Personality and aggression -- Dispositional anti-social behaviour -- Determinants of dispositional aggression -- Evaluation -- Alcohol consumption and aggression -- Sexual arousal and aggression -- Gender differences in aggression: biological or social? -- Anti-social behaviour and environmental psychology -- Temperature -- Evaluation -- Theories of temperature and aggression -- Density and crowding -- Noise -- Unpleasant odours -- Summary -- Further reading -- 9 Reducing and controlling anti-social behaviour -- Controlling aggression with punishment -- Punishment and children -- Punishment and adults -- Evaluation -- Catharsis and aggression reduction -- Catharsis and direct aggression -- Catharsis and sport -- Alternative strategies for aggression reduction -- Incompatible responses -- Non-aggressive environments -- Attribution training -- Counteracting deindividuation -- Summary -- Section III MEDIA INFLUENCES ON PRO-AND ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR -- 10 Pro-and anti-social behaviour and the media -- Pro-social behaviour and the media -- Pro-social television programmes -- Anti-social to pro-social -- Anti-social behaviour and the media -- Imitation follows observation -- Studying the effects of television violence -- Laboratory studies of the link between media and aggression -- Evaluation -- Field studies of the media and aggression -- Longitudinal studies of the media and aggression -- Cross-cultural studies -- Alternative media and aggression -- Video violence -- Computer, arcade games and violence -- The effects of watching television violence -- The extent of the problem.

How much violence is actually shown on television? -- What viewers consider as violence -- Conclusions -- What can be done? -- Summary -- Further reading -- 11 Study aids -- IMPROVING YOUR ESSAY WRITING SKILLS -- Examiner's advice -- Candidate's answer -- Examiner's comment -- Examiner's advice -- Candidate's answer -- Examiner's comment -- References -- Index.

Pro-Social and Anti-Social Behaviour describes the nature and causes of pro-social and anti-social behaviour. It is an introductory level text aimed at students new to this area of Social Psychology. Topics covered include social psychological theories of aggression, altruism and bystander behaviour, and media influences on pro- and anti-social behaviour. Each section includes information on research carried out in these areas of study.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.