TY  - BOOK
AU  - Kaplinsky,Raphael
AU  - Kaplinsky,Raphael
TI  - The Role of Standards in Global Value Chains
PY  - 2010///
CY  - Washington, D.C.
PB  - The World Bank
KW  - Collective action
KW  - Collective bargaining
KW  - Competitiveness
KW  - Division of labor
KW  - Economic Theory & Research
KW  - Environment
KW  - Environmental Economics & Policies
KW  - Income
KW  - Information and Communication Technologies
KW  - Information Security & Privacy
KW  - Innovation
KW  - Intermediate products
KW  - International trade
KW  - Labor Policies
KW  - Labor standards
KW  - Labour
KW  - Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
KW  - Markets and Market Access
KW  - Minimum wage
KW  - Political economy
KW  - Production process
KW  - Productivity
KW  - Safety
KW  - Safety standards
KW  - Social development
KW  - Social Protections and Labor
KW  - Suppliers
KW  - Working capital
KW  - Working conditions
N2  - Standards have become an increasingly important dimension in global trade. Without the capacity to meet the growing body of standards, producers may either have difficulty in entering global markets, or be relegated to unprofitable and low-margin niches. This paper overviews the history of standards, explains the difference between different types of standards, and identifies the key stakeholders involved in the setting of standards. It then addresses the role that standards play in enterprise upgrading and considers some of the major costs for producers in meeting standards, including potential cost barriers for small-scale producers. Before concluding with a discussion of the policy challenges raised by these developments, it discusses the extent to which standards intensity in global value chains will be affected when the final markets increasingly move from high-income consumers in the North to lower-income consumers in Southern economies such as China and India
UR  - http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/1813-9450-5396
ER  -