TY  - BOOK
AU  - Andrabi,Tahir
AU  - Andrabi,Tahir
AU  - Das,Jishnu
AU  - Khwaja,Asim Ijaz
TI  - What Did You Do All Day ?: Maternal Education and Child Outcomes 
PY  - 2009///
CY  - Washington, D.C.
PB  - The World Bank
KW  - Access and Equity in Basic Education
KW  - Benefits of education
KW  - Early Childhood Development
KW  - Educated mothers
KW  - Education
KW  - Education for All
KW  - Educational activities
KW  - Educational attainment
KW  - Educational outcomes
KW  - Female education
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning environment
KW  - Learning outcomes
KW  - Low levels of education
KW  - Maternal Education
KW  - Older children
KW  - Primary data
KW  - Primary Education
KW  - Primary schooling
KW  - Public schools
KW  - Reading
KW  - School hours
KW  - Schooling
KW  - Schools
KW  - Youth and Government
N2  - Female education levels are very low in many developing countries. Does maternal education have a causal impact on children's educational outcomes even at these very low levels of education? By combining a nationwide census of schools in Pakistan with household data, the authors use the availability of girls' schools in the mother's birth village as an instrument for maternal schooling to address this issue. Since public schools in Pakistan are segregated by gender, the instrument affects only maternal education rather than the education levels of both mothers and fathers. The analysis finds that children of mothers with some education spend 75 minutes more on educational activities at home compared with children whose mothers report no education at all. Mothers with some education also spend more time helping their children with school work; the effect is stronger (an extra 40 minutes per day) in families where the mother is likely the primary care-giver. Finally, test scores for children whose mothers have some education are higher in English, Urdu (the vernacular), and mathematics by 0.24-0.35 standard deviations. There is no relationship between maternal education and mother's time spent on paid work or housework - a posited channel through which education affects bargaining power within the household. And there is no relationship between maternal education and the mother's role in educational decisions or in the provision of other child-specific goods, such as expenditures on pocket money, uniforms, and tuition. The data therefore suggest that at these very low levels of education, maternal education does not substantially affect a mother's bargaining power within the household. Instead, maternal education could directly increase the mother's productivity or affect her preferences toward children's education in a context where her bargaining power is low
UR  - http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/1813-9450-5143
ER  -