TY  - BOOK
AU  - Di Bella,Gabriel
AU  - Norton,Lawrence
AU  - Ntamatungiro,Joseph
AU  - Ogawa,Sumiko
AU  - Samaké,Issouf
AU  - Santoro,Marika
TI  - Energy Subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Stocktaking and Policy Challenges 
T2  - IMF Working Papers; Working Paper
SN  - 1484365364 :
SN  - 1018-5941
PY  - 2015///
CY  - Washington, D.C.
PB  - International Monetary Fund
KW  - Electricity
KW  - imf
KW  - Energy Subsidies
KW  - Fuel
KW  - Oil
KW  - Prices
KW  - Antigua and Barbuda
KW  - Dominican Republic
KW  - Haiti
KW  - Latin America and the Caribbean
KW  - Nicaragua
KW  - Venezuela, República Bolivariana de
N2  - The oil price decline creates an opportunity to dismantle energy subsidies, which escalated with high oil prices. This paper assesses energy subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean-about 1.8 percent of GDP in 2011-13 (approximately evenly split between fuel and electricity), and about 3.8 percent of GDP including negative externalities. Countries with poorer institutions subsidize more. Energy-rich countries subsidize fuel more, but low-income countries are more likely to subsidize electricity, as are Central America and the Caribbean. Energy subsidies impose fiscal costs, hurting SOEs, competitiveness, and distribution. The paper overviews country experience with subsidy reform, drawing lessons
UR  - http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/22355-9781484365366/22355-9781484365366/22355-9781484365366.xml
UR  - http://www.imfbookstore.org/IMFORG/9781484365366
ER  -