TY - BOOK AU - Do,Quy-Toan AU - Do,Quy-Toan AU - Levchenko,Andrei A. AU - Raddatz,Claudio TI - Engendering Trade PY - 2011/// CY - Washington, D.C. PB - The World Bank KW - Comparative advantage KW - Economic Theory & Research KW - Factor endowments KW - Female discrimination KW - Gender and Development KW - Gender gap KW - Labor Markets KW - Labor Policies KW - Macroeconomics and Economic Growth KW - Political Economy KW - Trade integration KW - Woman empowerment N2 - The authors analyze the interaction between a country's world market integration and its attitude towards gender roles. They discuss both theoretically and empirically how female empowerment is a source of comparative advantage that shapes a country's response to trade opening. Reciprocally, the authors show that as countries integrate into the world economy, the costs and benefits of gender discrimination shift. Their theory goes beyond a potential aggregate wealth effect associated with trade opening, and emphasizes the heterogeneity of impacts. On the one hand, countries in which women are empowered-measured by fertility rates, female labor force participation or female schooling-experience an expansion of industries that use female labor relatively more intensively. On the other hand, the gender gap is smaller in countries that export more in relatively female-labor intensive sectors. In an increasingly globalized economy, the road to gender equality is paradoxically very specific to each country's productive structure and exposure to world markets UR - http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/1813-9450-5777 ER -