TY  - BOOK
AU  - Alam,Asad
AU  - Alam,Asad
AU  - Sundberg,Mark
TI  - A Decade of Fiscal Transition
PY  - 2002///
CY  - Washington, D.C.
PB  - The World Bank
KW  - Banks and Banking Reform
KW  - Debt Markets
KW  - Economic Recovery
KW  - Expenditures
KW  - Finance and Financial Sector Development
KW  - Financial Literacy
KW  - Fiscal Adjustment
KW  - Fiscal Imbalances
KW  - Fiscal Management
KW  - Fiscal Policies
KW  - Fiscal Policy
KW  - Fiscal Risks
KW  - Fiscal Stabilization
KW  - Fiscal Transition
KW  - Incentives
KW  - Macroeconomic Stabilization
KW  - Outcomes
KW  - Public Enterprises
KW  - Public Sector Economics and Finance
KW  - Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management
KW  - Public Services
KW  - Revenues
KW  - Social Outcomes
KW  - Structural Reform
KW  - Tax Systems
KW  - Transition Economies
N2  - Transition literature has emphasized stabilization and enterprise restructuring. Both cross-country analyses and country-specific studies have tended to focus on fiscal stabilization and its indicators, highlighting the importance of quantitative fiscal adjustment to stabilization outcomes. Less attention has been paid to the qualitative dimensions of fiscal adjustment in transition. Alam and Sundberg take stock of the extent to which fiscal adjustment has occurred during the first decade of transition in both qualitative and quantitative dimensions. They define quality as the extent to which: (1) pro-growth expenditure essential for creating future economic and social assets are maintained; (2) pro-poor expenditure, such as poverty-targeted transfers, necessary to ensure income for the poor and vulnerable are adequately provided; and (3) fiscal risks, impinging on both expenditure and revenue, are managed through transition. The authors conclude that while the quantitative magnitude of the fiscal adjustment was dramatic, the quality of this adjustment has compromised the social and economic objectives of transition, particularly in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). They draw four main conclusions: Investments in public services fell in both absolute and relative terms; Reduced spending on government transfers contributed to a sharp increase in income inequality in the CIS; Fiscal risks increased during the transition; Initial conditions allowed Central European and Baltic countries to maintain higher expenditures, which may have contributed to their faster economic recovery and political support for the reforms. The authors argue that the challenge today for fiscal policy in these countries is to facilitate the transition-particularly in reallocating resources from large state-owned enterprises to new small and medium-size firms, and providing priority public services and targeted transfers to assist those adversely affected by transition and reverse the deterioration in social outcomes. The interplay between fiscal policies and institutional arrangements is increasingly important as transition economies embark on their second decade of reforms. In particular, incentives embedded in the institutional arrangements for fiscal management needs to be strengthened so that policies, resources, and outcomes can be better aligned, and the fiscal adjustment is consistent with qualitative considerations. This paper-a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region-is part of a larger effort in the region to understand economic transition in former centrally planned economies. The authors may be contacted at aalam@worldbank.org or msundberg@worldbank.org
UR  - http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/1813-9450-2835
ER  -