TY  - BOOK
AU  - Aprahamian,Arabela
AU  - Correa,Paulo Guilherme
TI  - Smart Specialization in Croatia: Inputs from Trade, Innovation, and Productivity Analysis
T2  - Directions in Development - Trade
SN  - 9781464804595
AV  - HC404 
U1  - 330.94972 
PY  - 2015///
CY  - Washington
PB  - World Bank Publications
KW  - Croatia--Economic conditions
KW  - Croatia--Economic policy
KW  - Economic policy
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - Front Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Background -- Aim and Structure of the Report -- Note -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2 Smart Specialization -- Smart Specialization: The Main Concepts -- Smart Specialization: Incomplete Information and the Political Economy of Lobbying -- Operationalizing Smart Specialization: Access to Information -- Smart Specialization: Implications -- Promising Sectors for Smart Specialization -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3 Croatia's Trade: Performance, Competitiveness, and Potential -- Chapter Summary -- Export Growth -- Market Orientation and Export Diversification -- Exports' Economic Complexity, Sophistication, and Quality Upgrading -- Product-Space Analysis -- Identifying High-Potential Export Opportunities -- "Low-Hanging Fruits" for Croatia Are Few and Far Between -- Could Croatia Become a Bigger Player in GVCs? -- The Importance of Services Exports -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4 Stylized Facts on Productivity -- Chapter Summary -- Exploring Firm Heterogeneity: Are There Regional, Export Status, Ownership, and Size Trade-Related Disparities? -- Entrepreneurship: High-Growth Firms and "Gazelles" -- Firm Dynamics and Productivity Growth: Firm Entry and Exit -- Factors That Can Affect Productivity -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5 Innovation Challenges for Smart Specialization -- Chapter Summary -- What Is the Importance of Research and Innovation? -- Recent Innovation and R&D Performance -- Business R&D Determinants -- Modest Research Excellence and Science-Industry Collaboration -- Inadequate Policy Governance -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6 Conclusions and Policy Implications -- Conclusions -- Policy Implications -- Note -- Appendix A Examples of Potential Areas for Research and Innovation Specialization -- Boxes; Box 4.1 Sample Characteristics -- Box 4.2 Croatia Shows Low Rates of Firm Entry and Exit -- Box 5.1 Assessing the Impact of UKF -- Box 5.2 Assessing the Impact of RAZUM -- Box 5.3 Assessing the Impact of SPREAD (IRCRO) -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 Croatian GDP per Capita and Growth Rates -- Figure 1.2 Structure of the Report's Analysis -- Figure 2.1 Access to Information, Risk Level, and Policy Making -- Figure 2.2 RIS3-A Simplified Typology -- Figure 2.3 Examples of RIS3 Experimentation and Adaptation Stage -- Figure 3.1 Export Openness and per Capita GDP, 2007-08 vs. 2011-12 -- Figure 3.2 Export Growth and Change in Market Share, 2006Q1-2013Q1 -- Figure 3.3 Export Market Distribution, Croatia, 2002 vs. 2012 -- Figure 3.4 Market Concentration: Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, Croatia and Peer Countries, 2002 vs. 2012 -- Figure 3.5 Export Growth Orientation, Croatia's Top 10 Export Markets, 2007-12 -- Figure 3.6 Growth Orientation of Top 20 Export Sectors, Croatia, 2008-12 -- Figure 3.7 Intensive and Extensive Margin of Trade, Croatia -- Figure 3.8 Economic Complexity of the Export Basket, Croatia vs. Peers, 2000-08 -- Figure 3.9 Revealed Factor Intensity of Croatia's Exports, 2012 -- Figure 3.10 Relative Quality Elasticity, Croatia vs. Peers, 2012 -- Figure 3.11 Price vs. Quality Elasticity, Croatia vs. Peers, 2012 -- Figure 3.12 Change in Relative Quality and Market Share of Top Croatian Exports, 2000-10 -- Figure 3.13 Croatia's Product-Space Maps, 1992-2012 -- Figure 3.14 Emerging Exports, 2012 -- Figure 3.15 Marginal Exports, 2012 -- Figure 3.16 Significant Exports, 2012 -- Figure 3.17 Declining Exports, 2012 -- Figure 3.18 Proximity of Croatian Exports to High Global Demand -- Figure 3.19 Minimal Spanning Tree, Exports of Intermediates, 2010 -- Figure 3.20 Exports of Parts and Components, Croatia and Six Regional Peers; Figure 3.21 Croatia vs. Peers, per Capita Services Exports vs. Income, 2002-04 vs. 2008-10 -- Figure 3.22 RCA by Services Subsector, Croatia, 2000, 2005, and 2009 -- Figure 3.23 Croatia vs. Peer Countries, Services Sector Share in the Value Added, 1990, 2000, and 2010 Sector Share in Value Added vs. GDP per Capita, 2008-10 -- Figure 3.24 Sector Share in Value Added vs. GDP per Capita, 2008-10 -- Figure 3.25 Services Export Sophistication, Croatia vs. Peers, 2000-09 -- Figure 4.1 Percentage Difference of Firms in the Adriatic Region vs. Continental Region Average -- Figure 4.2 Percentage Difference of Firms with Different International Exposure vs. "Exporters and Importers" Average -- Figure 4.3 Percentage Difference of Different-Size Firms vs. Large Firms (>250 Employees) Average -- Figure 4.4 Percentage Difference of Private and Mixed Firms vs. SOE Average -- Figure 4.5 Entry Density and GDP per Capita, 2008-12 -- Figure 4.6 High-Growth Firms' Rate, 2010, Measured by Turnover Growth -- Figure 4.7 Gazelles' Rate, 2010, Measured by Turnover Growth -- Figure 4.8 TFP Change Decomposition by Type, 2008-12 -- Figure 4.9 TFP Change Decomposition by Region, 2008-12 -- Figure 4.10 TFP Change Decomposition by Ownership, 2008-12 -- Figure 4.11 TFP Change Decomposition by Type and by Export Status, 2008-12 -- Figure 4.12 TFP Change Decomposition by Type and by Macro Sector, 2008-12 -- Figure 4.13 TFP Change Decomposition by Type and by Services Macro Sector Group, 2008-12 -- Figure 4.14 Total Noncrisis State Aid -- Figure 4.15 Noncrisis State Aid: Selected Aid Categories for Croatia, 2011, and EU-27, 2012 -- Figure 4.16 Sector-Specific Aid, 2009-11 -- Figure 4.17 Intensity of Local Competition, 2013-14 -- Figure 4.18 Measures of the Ease of Doing Business (Distance to Frontier) -- Figure 5.1 Share of Innovative Firms, 2010; Figure 5.2 Share of Innovative Firms Conducting in-House R&D, 2010 -- Figure 5.3 Share of Innovative Firms Conducting External R&D, 2010 -- Figure 5.4 Share of Small, Innovative Firms, 2010 -- Figure 5.5 Share of Medium, Innovative Firms, 2010 -- Figure 5.6 Share of Large, Innovative Firms, 2010 -- Figure 5.7 Percentage of Firms Innovating, Croatia, 2005-09 -- Figure 5.8 Percentage of Firms Innovating, Slovenia, 2005-09 -- Figure 5.9 Key Innovation Indicators -- Figure 5.10 BERD (% of GDP) -- Figure 5.11 BERD (€ per Capita) -- Figure 5.12 R&D Intensity (All Firms), 2010 -- Figure 5.13 R&D Intensity (Small Firms), 2010 -- Figure 5.14 R&D Intensity (Medium Firms), 2010 -- Figure 5.15 R&D Intensity (Large Firms), 2010 -- Figure 5.16 R&D Intensity (by Size), Croatia, 2009 -- Figure 5.17 R&D Intensity (by Size), Slovenia, 2009 -- Figure 5.18 R&D Intensity (by Age), Croatia, 2009 -- Figure 5.19 R&D Intensity (by Age), Slovenia, 2009 -- Figure 5.20 R&D Tax Breaks, Share of Represented Tax Breaks of Total Funding -- Figure 5.21 Number of Beneficiaries, 2009 -- Figure 5.22 Share in Total Net Profit, 2009 -- Figure 5.23 State Aid Based on R&D Incentives, 2009 -- Figure 5.24 Average Tax Burden (% of Tax Liability after Tax Deductions in Net Profit), 2009 -- Figure 5.25 Average Venture Capital Investment, 2007-12 -- Figure 5.26 Venture Capital Funding Gap, Croatia -- Figure 5.27 Scientific Publications among the Top 10 Percent Most Cited Ones, 2009 -- Figure 5.28 New Doctorate Graduates (per 1,000 People Aged 25-34), 2010 -- Figure 5.29 Public-Private Copublications, 2011 -- Figure 5.30 Innovative SMEs Collaborating (as % of All SMEs), 2010 -- Figure 5.31 Government Funding of BERD -- Figure 5.32 Government Support for BERD -- Figure 5.33 Composition of R&D Expenditures, Croatia, 2012 -- Figure 5.34 Composition of R&D Expenditures, United States, 2007; Figure 5.35 Operating Costs and Salaries -- Figure 5.36 Capital Investments and Project Financing -- Figure 6.1 Framework for the Design and the Monitoring and Evaluation of RIS3 in Croatia -- Figure A.1 Carbon Intensity -- Figure A.2 Growth in Clean Tech Sales by Region, 2012 -- Figure A.3 Global Investment in Clean Energy -- Figure A.4 Number of Patents in Clean Energy, Croatia -- Figure A.5 Number of Patents in Clean Energy, Regional Countries -- Figure A.6 R&D in Engineering and Technology -- Figure A.7 Enrollment in Engineering, Manufacturing, and Construction -- Figure A.8 High-Tech Exports, Croatia -- Figure A.9 Croatia's High-Tech Exports vs. Regional Peers' -- Figure A.10 Export Composition -- Figure A.11 Product-Space Analysis -- Figure A.12 Global Aquaculture Production of Flat Oysters -- Figure A.13 Aquaculture Production of O. edulis in Europe by Country, 2004 -- Figure A.14 Oyster Prices Originating in Ireland and France -- Figure A.15 Annual Production of Marine Mollusc Mariculture Industry of Croatia, 1990-2001 -- Figure A.16 Areas of Scientific Output in Croatia, According to Number of Scientific Articles, 2011-12 -- Figure A.17 Number of Citable Documents in Medicine, Austria, Switzerland, Croatia, and Slovenia, 1996-2012 -- Figure A.18 Quality of Scientific Output in Medicine as Measured by the h-index, Austria, Switzerland, Croatia, and Slovenia, 1996-2012 -- Figure A.19 Number of Citable Documents in Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology, Austria, Switzerland, Croatia, and Slovenia, 1996-2012 -- Figure A.20 Quality of Scientific Output in Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology as Measured by the h-Index, Austria, Switzerland, Croatia, and Slovenia, 1996-2012 -- Figure A.21 Number of Citable Documents in Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmaceuticals, Austria, Switzerland, Croatia, and Slovenia, 1996-2012; Figure A.22 Quality of Scientific Output in Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmaceuticals as Measured by the h-Index, Austria, Switzerland, Croatia, and Slovenia, 1996-2012
N2  - The report examines recent trends in Croatia's in trade, productivity, innovation performance and policy governance framework, to help identify priorities for the development of the country's Smart Specialization Strategy, which is an ex-ante conditionality for access to the EU's Structural and Investment Funds over the 2014-20 programming period
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