Endogenous Interferences in Clinical Laboratory Tests : Icteric, Lipemic and Turbid Samples.

By: Kroll, Martin HContributor(s): McCudden, Christopher RMaterial type: TextTextSeries: Patient Safety SerPublisher: Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter, Inc., 2012Copyright date: ©2012Description: 1 online resource (143 pages)Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9783110266221Subject(s): Clinical biochemistry | Diagnosis, LaboratoryGenre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: Print version:: Endogenous Interferences in Clinical Laboratory Tests : Icteric, Lipemic and Turbid SamplesDDC classification: 616.07/56 LOC classification: QY 90Online resources: Click to View
Contents:
Intro -- Preface -- 1 Accuracy Goals for Laboratory Tests -- 1.1 Accuracy and Precision -- 1.1.1 Definition -- 1.1.2 Imprecision as a Form of Error -- 1.2 Types of Error -- 1.2.1 Bias -- 1.2.2 Impact of Bias -- 1.3 Interference as a Type of Bias -- 1.4 References -- 2 Nature of Interferences -- 2.1 Definition -- 2.2 Nature of Interferences -- 2.3 Instrumentation -- 2.4 The Chemistry of the Absorbance of Light -- 2.5 References -- 3 The Nature of Icteric Interference -- 3.1 Source Information on Bilirubin Interference -- 3.2 Allen Correction as a Source of Bilirubin Interference -- 3.3 Bilirubin Interference with Oximetry -- 3.3.1 Co-oximetry Interference -- 3.3.2 Pulse Oximetry -- 3.3.3 Cerebral Oximetry -- 3.3.4 Interference with Methemoglobin -- 3.4 Chemical Reactions as a Cause of Bilirubin Interference -- 3.4.1 Bilirubin Reaction with Creatinine Methods -- 3.4.2 Bilirubin Reactions with Peroxidase Methods -- 3.5 References -- 4 The Nature of Lipemic and Turbidity Interferences -- 4.1 Types of Interferences -- 4.2 Lipemia Causes Turbidity -- 4.3 Lipemia Interference Mechanisms -- 4.3.1 Light Scattering -- 4.3.2 Lipoprotein Particles -- 4.3.3 Intralipid® and Lipemia Simulation -- 4.3.4 Empirical Studies in Lipemia Turbidity -- 4.4 Lipoprotein Particles and Lipemia -- 4.5 References -- 5 Measurement of Interference -- 5.1 A Typical Commercial Study -- 5.2 Guidelines for Interference Studies -- 5.3 Bilirubin -- 5.4 Intralipid® -- 5.5 Procedure to Make Five Concentrations -- 5.6 Interference Criteria -- 5.7 Data Analysis -- 5.8 References -- 6 Origin of Icteric Samples -- 6.1 The Origin of Bilirubin -- 6.2 Bilirubin Toxicity -- 6.3 Transport of Bilirubin in the Blood -- 6.4 Uptake of Bilirubin by the Liver -- 6.5 Clinical Aspects of Bilirubin -- 6.6 Neonatal Jaundice -- 6.7 Cholestasis -- 6.8 Hepatitis -- 6.9 Alcoholic Liver Disease.
6.10 Hemolysis -- 6.11 Drug Induced Hyperbilirubinemia -- 6.12 Summary -- 6.13 References -- 7 Impact of Icterus -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Estimated Impacts Based on Interference Studies -- 7.3 Differential Interference with Different Bilirubin Isoforms -- 7.4 Non-spectrophotometric Icterus Interference -- 7.5 Resolving Icterus Interference -- 7.6 Summary -- 7.7 References -- 8 Origin of Lipemia and Turbidity -- 8.1 Lipoprotein Pathways -- 8.2 Classification of Hypertriglyceridemia -- 8.2.1 Frederickson Classification of Dyslipidemias -- 8.2.2 Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes -- 8.2.3 Alcohol -- 8.2.4 Nonalcoholic Fatty-liver Disorder -- 8.2.5 Medications -- 8.2.6 HIV Infection -- 8.2.7 Renal Disease -- 8.3 References -- 9 Impact of Lipemia/Turbidity -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Estimated Impacts Based on Interference Studies -- 9.2.1 Interference by Light Scattering -- 9.2.2 Interference by Volume Displacement -- 9.2.3 Interference by Lipid Partitioning -- 9.3 Summary -- 9.4 References -- 10 Endogenous Interferences in Clinical Laboratory Tests: Icteric, Lipemic and Turbid Samples -- 10.1 Interference Indices -- 10.2 Generating Interference Indices -- 10.2.1 Preparation of Standards -- 10.2.2 Data Collection and Deconvolution of Non-Target Interferences -- 10.2.2.1 Subtraction Using Selected Wavelengths -- 10.2.2.2 Index Calculation Using Derivative Spectrometry -- 10.2.3 Establishing Indices and Defining Ranges -- 10.3 Limitations -- 10.4 Summary -- 10.5 References -- 11 Reporting of Results -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Procedures for Handling Samples with Interference Within the Laboratory -- 11.3 Reporting of Results in Icteric and Turbid Samples -- 11.4 Autoverification and Reporting Algorithms -- 11.5 Practical Issues: Education and Implementation -- 11.6 References -- 12 Analyte-dependent Interference -- 12.1 Complex Interferences.
12.1.1 Model for Analyte-dependent Interference -- 12.1.2 Examples of Analyte-Dependent Interference -- 12.2 Statistical Testing for Significance -- 12.3 Failure to Design the Interference Study -- 12.4 Advantages of Using Multiple Regression Analysis -- 12.5 Concluding Remarks -- 12.6 References -- Index.
Summary: Patient Safety emphasizes the reporting, analysis and prevention of medical errors that very often leads to adverse healthcare situations.1 in 10 patients are impacted by medical errors.The WHO calls the patient safety issue an endemic concern. A number of well-known experts of all areas in the medical field have collectedvery valuable information for a better patient treatment and higher safety culture in all medical disciplines.
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Intro -- Preface -- 1 Accuracy Goals for Laboratory Tests -- 1.1 Accuracy and Precision -- 1.1.1 Definition -- 1.1.2 Imprecision as a Form of Error -- 1.2 Types of Error -- 1.2.1 Bias -- 1.2.2 Impact of Bias -- 1.3 Interference as a Type of Bias -- 1.4 References -- 2 Nature of Interferences -- 2.1 Definition -- 2.2 Nature of Interferences -- 2.3 Instrumentation -- 2.4 The Chemistry of the Absorbance of Light -- 2.5 References -- 3 The Nature of Icteric Interference -- 3.1 Source Information on Bilirubin Interference -- 3.2 Allen Correction as a Source of Bilirubin Interference -- 3.3 Bilirubin Interference with Oximetry -- 3.3.1 Co-oximetry Interference -- 3.3.2 Pulse Oximetry -- 3.3.3 Cerebral Oximetry -- 3.3.4 Interference with Methemoglobin -- 3.4 Chemical Reactions as a Cause of Bilirubin Interference -- 3.4.1 Bilirubin Reaction with Creatinine Methods -- 3.4.2 Bilirubin Reactions with Peroxidase Methods -- 3.5 References -- 4 The Nature of Lipemic and Turbidity Interferences -- 4.1 Types of Interferences -- 4.2 Lipemia Causes Turbidity -- 4.3 Lipemia Interference Mechanisms -- 4.3.1 Light Scattering -- 4.3.2 Lipoprotein Particles -- 4.3.3 Intralipid® and Lipemia Simulation -- 4.3.4 Empirical Studies in Lipemia Turbidity -- 4.4 Lipoprotein Particles and Lipemia -- 4.5 References -- 5 Measurement of Interference -- 5.1 A Typical Commercial Study -- 5.2 Guidelines for Interference Studies -- 5.3 Bilirubin -- 5.4 Intralipid® -- 5.5 Procedure to Make Five Concentrations -- 5.6 Interference Criteria -- 5.7 Data Analysis -- 5.8 References -- 6 Origin of Icteric Samples -- 6.1 The Origin of Bilirubin -- 6.2 Bilirubin Toxicity -- 6.3 Transport of Bilirubin in the Blood -- 6.4 Uptake of Bilirubin by the Liver -- 6.5 Clinical Aspects of Bilirubin -- 6.6 Neonatal Jaundice -- 6.7 Cholestasis -- 6.8 Hepatitis -- 6.9 Alcoholic Liver Disease.

6.10 Hemolysis -- 6.11 Drug Induced Hyperbilirubinemia -- 6.12 Summary -- 6.13 References -- 7 Impact of Icterus -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Estimated Impacts Based on Interference Studies -- 7.3 Differential Interference with Different Bilirubin Isoforms -- 7.4 Non-spectrophotometric Icterus Interference -- 7.5 Resolving Icterus Interference -- 7.6 Summary -- 7.7 References -- 8 Origin of Lipemia and Turbidity -- 8.1 Lipoprotein Pathways -- 8.2 Classification of Hypertriglyceridemia -- 8.2.1 Frederickson Classification of Dyslipidemias -- 8.2.2 Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes -- 8.2.3 Alcohol -- 8.2.4 Nonalcoholic Fatty-liver Disorder -- 8.2.5 Medications -- 8.2.6 HIV Infection -- 8.2.7 Renal Disease -- 8.3 References -- 9 Impact of Lipemia/Turbidity -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Estimated Impacts Based on Interference Studies -- 9.2.1 Interference by Light Scattering -- 9.2.2 Interference by Volume Displacement -- 9.2.3 Interference by Lipid Partitioning -- 9.3 Summary -- 9.4 References -- 10 Endogenous Interferences in Clinical Laboratory Tests: Icteric, Lipemic and Turbid Samples -- 10.1 Interference Indices -- 10.2 Generating Interference Indices -- 10.2.1 Preparation of Standards -- 10.2.2 Data Collection and Deconvolution of Non-Target Interferences -- 10.2.2.1 Subtraction Using Selected Wavelengths -- 10.2.2.2 Index Calculation Using Derivative Spectrometry -- 10.2.3 Establishing Indices and Defining Ranges -- 10.3 Limitations -- 10.4 Summary -- 10.5 References -- 11 Reporting of Results -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Procedures for Handling Samples with Interference Within the Laboratory -- 11.3 Reporting of Results in Icteric and Turbid Samples -- 11.4 Autoverification and Reporting Algorithms -- 11.5 Practical Issues: Education and Implementation -- 11.6 References -- 12 Analyte-dependent Interference -- 12.1 Complex Interferences.

12.1.1 Model for Analyte-dependent Interference -- 12.1.2 Examples of Analyte-Dependent Interference -- 12.2 Statistical Testing for Significance -- 12.3 Failure to Design the Interference Study -- 12.4 Advantages of Using Multiple Regression Analysis -- 12.5 Concluding Remarks -- 12.6 References -- Index.

Patient Safety emphasizes the reporting, analysis and prevention of medical errors that very often leads to adverse healthcare situations.1 in 10 patients are impacted by medical errors.The WHO calls the patient safety issue an endemic concern. A number of well-known experts of all areas in the medical field have collectedvery valuable information for a better patient treatment and higher safety culture in all medical disciplines.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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