Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. Sailing the Red Seas -- 2. Perilous Waters -- 3. The Black Ocean -- 4. Few Safe Harbors -- 5. Wind in Their Sails -- 6. Storm Signals -- 7. Storm, at Sea -- 8. Walking the Plank -- 9. Black Labor at Sea -- 10. Dropping Anchor in Jamaica -- 11. On the Beach -- 12. The Final Voyage of Ferdinand Smith -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Index -- About the Author.

During the heyday of the U.S. and international labor movements in the 1930s and 1940s, Ferdinand Smith, the Jamaican-born co-founder and second-in-command of the National Maritime Union (NMU), stands out as one of the most-if not the most-powerful black labor leaders in the United States. Smith's active membership in the Communist Party, however, coupled with his bold labor radicalism and shaky immigration status, brought him under continual surveillance by U.S. authorities, especially during the Red Scare in the 1950s. Smith was eventually deported to his homeland of Jamaica, where he continued his radical labor and political organizing until his death in 1961. Gerald Horne draws on Smith's life to make insightful connections between labor radicalism and the Civil Rights Movement-demonstrating that the gains of the latter were propelled by the former and undermined by anticommunism. Moreover, Red Seas uncovers the little-known experiences of black sailors and their contribution to the struggle for labor and civil rights, the history of the Communist Party and its black members, and the significant dimensions of Jamaican labor and political radicalism.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.