The Acquisition of German : Introducing Organic Grammar.

By: Vainikka, AnneContributor(s): Young-Scholten, MarthaMaterial type: TextTextSeries: Studies on Language Acquisition [SOLA] SerPublisher: Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter, Inc., 2011Copyright date: ©2011Description: 1 online resource (407 pages)Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9783110263848Subject(s): German language -- Acquisition | Grammar, Comparative and general | Language acquisitionGenre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: Print version:: The Acquisition of German : Introducing Organic GrammarDDC classification: 430.1/9 LOC classification: PF3074.85 -- .V35 2011ebOnline resources: Click to View
Contents:
Intro -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.0. Setting the context of the book -- 1.1. Introduction to German and its verbs -- 1.2. Organic Grammar -- 1.3. The rest of this book -- 1.4. A reading guide -- Extensions -- Chapter 2. The Organic Syntax of Adult German -- 2.0. Introduction -- 2.1. Overview of syntax and inflectional morphology -- 2.2. The classic German tree -- 2.3. Problems with the classic analysis of German -- 2.3.1. Problem 1 (syntactic) -- 2.3.2. Problem 2 (syntactic) -- 2.3.3. Problem 3 (acquisition) -- 2.3.4. Problem 4 (acquisition) -- 2.4. English functional projections in Organic Grammar -- 2.5. The Master Tree in end-state adult German -- 2.6. Comparing the German and English Master Trees -- 2.7. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. Koopman's argument -- 2. Kayne's (1994) and Zwart's (1994) proposals -- 3. Are the specifier positions in German A- or A'-positions? -- 4. Post-Minimalist syntactic approaches that are not suitable for acquisition data -- Chapter 3. Organic Grammar and L1 acquisition -- 3.0. Introduction -- 3.1. Strong and weak continuity in acquisition -- 3.2. Root defaults in L1 acquisition -- 3.3. Beyond Root Defaults in L1 acquisition -- 3.4. Stages of development in L1 German -- 3.4.1. Is the earliest syntactic stage a VP-stage or an FP-Stage? -- 3.4.2. The development of NegP -- 3.4.3. The development of TP (previously FP) -- 3.4.4. The development of AgrP -- 3.4.5. The development of the CP -- 3.5. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. The post-80s syntactic theories and acquisition -- 2. On Root Default terminology (and a note on rich inflection) -- 3. Some more negation examples from adult German (and a slight problem) -- 4. An idea about parameter setting and functional projections -- 5. Access to UG in L2A and the Critical Period -- Chapter 4. Second language acquisition at the VP level -- 4.0. Introduction.
4.1. Current issues in the L2 acquisition of morphosyntax -- 4.2. Claims regarding the initial state in L2 -- 4.3. L2 learners' earliest syntax -- 4.3.1. VP transfer -- 4.3.2. Root Defaults (Infinitives) in L2 acquisition -- 4.4. The predicted stages of acquisition in L2 German -- 4.5. The VP-stage of L2 adult learners of German -- 4.5.1. The VP stage for head-final L1 speakers (Korean and Turkish) -- 4.5.2. The VP-stage for head-initial L1: Romance speakers -- 4.5.3. Head-initial VP L1: English speakers -- 4.6. Other views of L2 German and the VP-level data -- 4.7. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. The earliest stages of Child L2 German -- 2. The Grammatical Mapping Paradigm -- Chapter 5. Second language acquisition at the IP level -- 5.0. Introduction -- 5.1. The acquisition of functional projections in a second language -- 5.2. The development of the NegP projection -- 5.3. Verb raising, FP and TP -- 5.3.1. Background on the head-final languages, Korean and Turkish, and data collection -- 5.3.2. FP in the data of L1 Turkish/Korean speakers -- 5.3.3. Turkish/Korean Learners at a late FP-stage -- 5.3.4. FP in the data from speakers of the head-initial languages Spanish and Italian -- 5.3.5. FP or TP in the L1 English speakers' data -- 5.4. The AgrP projection -- 5.4.1. The Turkish and Korean learners' AgrP projection -- 5.4.2. Agreement in the Romance speakers' data -- 5.4.3. The English speakers' AgrP projection -- 5.5. Is there evidence of L1 influence? -- 5.6. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. Organic Grammar and Minimalism -- 2. Finiteness Linking -- 3. Early 'is/ist' in L2 Dutch and German -- 4. Modals and auxiliaries, and the AgrP -- Chapter 6. Differences in triggering between children and adults -- 6.0. Introduction -- 6.1. Segmenting the stream of speech -- 6.2. Triggers and parameters -- 6.3. L2 acquisition of German by children.
6.4. A triggering difference between children and adults -- 6.5. Triggering syntactic projections -- 6.5.1. Triggering NegP -- 6.5.2. Triggering FP and TP -- 6.5.3. AgrP -- 6.6. Why do L2 adults raise non-finite forms? -- 6.6.1. Processing and prosodic explanations -- 6.6.2. Missing Surface Inflection and raising of RDs -- 6.6.3. Our analysis of raised Root Defaults -- 6.7. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. Early 'ist' in instructed children's data -- 2. Early 'ist' in Paul's data - a potential trigger? -- Chapter 7. The second language acquisition of the CP projection -- 7.0. Introduction -- 7.1. The German CP and the headedness of AgrP -- 7.2. CP and speakers of head-final languages -- 7.3. The head-initial (Romance) learners -- 7.4. CP and potential evidence against Organic Grammar -- 7.4.1. Type 1 data -- 7.4.2. Type 2 data -- 7.4.3. Type 3 data -- 7.4.4. Type 4 data -- 7.5. CP in the VYSA data (L1 English) -- 7.5.1. Matrix WH-questions and the CP projection -- 7.5.2. Embedded clauses and the CP projection -- 7.5.3. Headedness of the CP and the AgrP -- 7.6. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. IP vs. CP in Bhatt and Hancin-Bhatt's (2002) data -- 2. More than one CP-level projection -- Chapter 8. Naturalistic learners and unsolved problems in SLA -- 8.0. Introduction -- 8.1. The role of input -- 8.1.1. Input quantity -- 8.1.2. Input quality -- 8.2. Meta-linguistic awareness and meta-linguistic knowledge -- 8.3. Input and meta-linguistic awareness in the data of Joan, Paul and George -- 8.3.1. The VYSA learners' exposure to German -- 8.3.2. Meta-linguistic awareness in the VYSA data -- 8.3.3. Case, gender, and meta-linguistic awareness -- 8.4. George's meta-linguistic baggage -- 8.5. Grammar Lite -- 8.6. Inflectional morphology in adult L2 acquisition -- 8.7. Conclusion -- References -- Index.
Summary: Language acquisition is a human endeavor par excellence. As children, all human beings learn to understand and speak at least one language: their mother tongue. It is a process that seems to take place without any obvious effort. Second language learning, particularly among adults, causes more difficulty. The purpose of this series is to compile a collection of high-quality monographs on language acquisition. The series serves the needs of everyone who wants to know more about the problem of language acquisition in general and/or about language acquisition in specific contexts.
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Intro -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.0. Setting the context of the book -- 1.1. Introduction to German and its verbs -- 1.2. Organic Grammar -- 1.3. The rest of this book -- 1.4. A reading guide -- Extensions -- Chapter 2. The Organic Syntax of Adult German -- 2.0. Introduction -- 2.1. Overview of syntax and inflectional morphology -- 2.2. The classic German tree -- 2.3. Problems with the classic analysis of German -- 2.3.1. Problem 1 (syntactic) -- 2.3.2. Problem 2 (syntactic) -- 2.3.3. Problem 3 (acquisition) -- 2.3.4. Problem 4 (acquisition) -- 2.4. English functional projections in Organic Grammar -- 2.5. The Master Tree in end-state adult German -- 2.6. Comparing the German and English Master Trees -- 2.7. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. Koopman's argument -- 2. Kayne's (1994) and Zwart's (1994) proposals -- 3. Are the specifier positions in German A- or A'-positions? -- 4. Post-Minimalist syntactic approaches that are not suitable for acquisition data -- Chapter 3. Organic Grammar and L1 acquisition -- 3.0. Introduction -- 3.1. Strong and weak continuity in acquisition -- 3.2. Root defaults in L1 acquisition -- 3.3. Beyond Root Defaults in L1 acquisition -- 3.4. Stages of development in L1 German -- 3.4.1. Is the earliest syntactic stage a VP-stage or an FP-Stage? -- 3.4.2. The development of NegP -- 3.4.3. The development of TP (previously FP) -- 3.4.4. The development of AgrP -- 3.4.5. The development of the CP -- 3.5. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. The post-80s syntactic theories and acquisition -- 2. On Root Default terminology (and a note on rich inflection) -- 3. Some more negation examples from adult German (and a slight problem) -- 4. An idea about parameter setting and functional projections -- 5. Access to UG in L2A and the Critical Period -- Chapter 4. Second language acquisition at the VP level -- 4.0. Introduction.

4.1. Current issues in the L2 acquisition of morphosyntax -- 4.2. Claims regarding the initial state in L2 -- 4.3. L2 learners' earliest syntax -- 4.3.1. VP transfer -- 4.3.2. Root Defaults (Infinitives) in L2 acquisition -- 4.4. The predicted stages of acquisition in L2 German -- 4.5. The VP-stage of L2 adult learners of German -- 4.5.1. The VP stage for head-final L1 speakers (Korean and Turkish) -- 4.5.2. The VP-stage for head-initial L1: Romance speakers -- 4.5.3. Head-initial VP L1: English speakers -- 4.6. Other views of L2 German and the VP-level data -- 4.7. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. The earliest stages of Child L2 German -- 2. The Grammatical Mapping Paradigm -- Chapter 5. Second language acquisition at the IP level -- 5.0. Introduction -- 5.1. The acquisition of functional projections in a second language -- 5.2. The development of the NegP projection -- 5.3. Verb raising, FP and TP -- 5.3.1. Background on the head-final languages, Korean and Turkish, and data collection -- 5.3.2. FP in the data of L1 Turkish/Korean speakers -- 5.3.3. Turkish/Korean Learners at a late FP-stage -- 5.3.4. FP in the data from speakers of the head-initial languages Spanish and Italian -- 5.3.5. FP or TP in the L1 English speakers' data -- 5.4. The AgrP projection -- 5.4.1. The Turkish and Korean learners' AgrP projection -- 5.4.2. Agreement in the Romance speakers' data -- 5.4.3. The English speakers' AgrP projection -- 5.5. Is there evidence of L1 influence? -- 5.6. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. Organic Grammar and Minimalism -- 2. Finiteness Linking -- 3. Early 'is/ist' in L2 Dutch and German -- 4. Modals and auxiliaries, and the AgrP -- Chapter 6. Differences in triggering between children and adults -- 6.0. Introduction -- 6.1. Segmenting the stream of speech -- 6.2. Triggers and parameters -- 6.3. L2 acquisition of German by children.

6.4. A triggering difference between children and adults -- 6.5. Triggering syntactic projections -- 6.5.1. Triggering NegP -- 6.5.2. Triggering FP and TP -- 6.5.3. AgrP -- 6.6. Why do L2 adults raise non-finite forms? -- 6.6.1. Processing and prosodic explanations -- 6.6.2. Missing Surface Inflection and raising of RDs -- 6.6.3. Our analysis of raised Root Defaults -- 6.7. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. Early 'ist' in instructed children's data -- 2. Early 'ist' in Paul's data - a potential trigger? -- Chapter 7. The second language acquisition of the CP projection -- 7.0. Introduction -- 7.1. The German CP and the headedness of AgrP -- 7.2. CP and speakers of head-final languages -- 7.3. The head-initial (Romance) learners -- 7.4. CP and potential evidence against Organic Grammar -- 7.4.1. Type 1 data -- 7.4.2. Type 2 data -- 7.4.3. Type 3 data -- 7.4.4. Type 4 data -- 7.5. CP in the VYSA data (L1 English) -- 7.5.1. Matrix WH-questions and the CP projection -- 7.5.2. Embedded clauses and the CP projection -- 7.5.3. Headedness of the CP and the AgrP -- 7.6. Summary -- Extensions -- 1. IP vs. CP in Bhatt and Hancin-Bhatt's (2002) data -- 2. More than one CP-level projection -- Chapter 8. Naturalistic learners and unsolved problems in SLA -- 8.0. Introduction -- 8.1. The role of input -- 8.1.1. Input quantity -- 8.1.2. Input quality -- 8.2. Meta-linguistic awareness and meta-linguistic knowledge -- 8.3. Input and meta-linguistic awareness in the data of Joan, Paul and George -- 8.3.1. The VYSA learners' exposure to German -- 8.3.2. Meta-linguistic awareness in the VYSA data -- 8.3.3. Case, gender, and meta-linguistic awareness -- 8.4. George's meta-linguistic baggage -- 8.5. Grammar Lite -- 8.6. Inflectional morphology in adult L2 acquisition -- 8.7. Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Language acquisition is a human endeavor par excellence. As children, all human beings learn to understand and speak at least one language: their mother tongue. It is a process that seems to take place without any obvious effort. Second language learning, particularly among adults, causes more difficulty. The purpose of this series is to compile a collection of high-quality monographs on language acquisition. The series serves the needs of everyone who wants to know more about the problem of language acquisition in general and/or about language acquisition in specific contexts.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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