Early Christian Remains of Inner Mongolia : Discovery, Reconstruction and Appropriation.

By: Halbertsma, Tjalling H. FContributor(s): Haar, Barend JMaterial type: TextTextSeries: Sinica Leidensia SerPublisher: Leiden : BRILL, 2008Copyright date: ©2008Edition: 2nd edDescription: 1 online resource (386 pages)Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9789047443230Subject(s): Christianity -- China -- Inner MongoliaGenre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: Print version:: Early Christian Remains of Inner Mongolia : Discovery, Reconstruction and AppropriationDDC classification: 275.1/77 LOC classification: BR1290.I6 -- H36 2008ebOnline resources: Click to View
Contents:
Intro -- CONTENTS -- List of maps, fi gures and plates -- List of appendices -- Acknowledgements -- Note on names, spelling and illustrations -- Introduction -- PART ONE TIME AND PLACE -- Chapter One On the term 'Nestorianism' and the early Chinese terms for Christianity -- 1.1 Origin and early use of the term 'Nestorian' -- 1.2 The Tang dynasty terms for Christianity -- 1.3 The Yuan dynasty term for Christians -- 1.4 Conclusions -- Chapter Two Medieval envoys connecting Europe and the Mongol empire -- 2.1 Prester John and the Christened East -- 2.2 William of Rubruck -- 2.3 Enter Rabban Sauma -- 2.4 Marco Polo -- 2.5 John of Montecorvino -- 2.6 Conclusions -- Chapter Three Nestorian Christians in Central Asia and China in the Mongol era -- 3.1 Nestorian Christians among the Central Asian tribes -- 3.2 Nestorian Christians among the Öngüt -- 3.3 King George of the Öngüt -- 3.4 The Öngüt realm -- 3.5 Nestorian Christians among the Mongols -- 3.6 The Mongol rulers' approach towards Christianity -- 3.7 Nestorian Christians in China proper -- 3.8 Organization of the Church of the East in Central Asia and China -- 3.9 The decline and disappearance of Nestorian Christianity in Central Asia and China -- 3.10 Conclusions -- PART TWO DISCOVERY AND DOCUMENTATION OF NESTORIAN REMAINS IN INNER MONGOLIA -- Chapter Four Foreign discovery and documentation of Nestorian remains in Inner Mongolia before 1949 -- 4.1 Cesar de Brabander (1857-1919) and Charles Pieters (1884-1926) -- 4.2 Henning Haslund-Christensen (1896-1948) -- 4.3 Huang Wenbi (1893-1966) -- 4.4 Owen Lattimore (1900-1989) -- 4.5 Henry Desmond Martin (1908-1973) -- 4.6 Bettina Lum (1911-1983) -- 4.7 Egami Namio (1906-2002) -- 4.7.1 Egami collection -- 4.8 Inoo Tentaro -- 4.9 Carl Barkman (1919-2006) -- 4.10 Other foreign researchers before 1949 -- 4.11 Conclusions.
Chapter Five Discovery and documentation of Nestorian remains in Inner Mongolia after 1949 -- 5.1 Gai Shanlin (1936-) -- 5.2 Further Chinese fi eld research -- 5.3 Accidental Nestorian fi nd by a Chinese farmer around 1984 -- 5.4 Foreign fi eld research from 1997 onwards -- 5.5 Author's fi eld research -- 5.6 Conclusions -- PART THREE RECONSTRUCTION AND CONTEXTUALIZATION OF NESTORIAN REMAINS IN INNER MONGOLIA -- Chapter Six Nestorian city remains from Inner Mongolia -- 6.1 Olon Sume-in Tor (Olon Sume) -- 6.2 Ulan Baishing (Chengbuzi) -- 6.3 Boro Baishing -- 6.4 Mukhor Soborghan -- 6.5 Derriseng Khutug -- 6.6 Identifi cation of Öngüt cities north of Daqingshan mountains -- 6.7 Conclusions -- Chapter Seven Nestorian grave sites and grave material from Inner Mongolia -- 7.1 Turkic-style rock graves and Nestorian steles -- 7.2 Graves with Nestorian gravestones -- 7.3 Nestorian horizontal gravestones -- 7.4 Tomb sculptures at Nestorian sites -- 7.5 Other Nestorian stones from Olon Sume -- 7.6 Öngüt coffi n and pagoda at Zhaohe and coffi n slab at Bailingmiao -- 7.7 Graves with stone columns at Shizhuziliang -- 7.8 Chifeng brick -- 7.9 Conclusions -- Chapter Eight Characteristics of Nestorian grave material from Inner Mongolia -- 8.1 Nestorian inscriptions -- 8.2 The cross of the Church of the East -- 8.3 Design and decoration of grave material -- 8.4 Idiosyncrasies of Nestorian grave material -- 8.5 Conclusions -- PART FOUR APPROPRIATION OF NESTORIAN HERITAGE FROM INNER MONGOLIA -- Chapter Nine Physical appropriation of Nestorian heritage by settlers -- 9.1 Early appropriation of Nestorian objects by Buddhist settlers -- 9.2 Appropriation of Nestorian objects by Han Chinese settlers -- 9.3 Appropriation of Nestorian sites by Han Chinese settlers -- 9.4 Grave looting and treasure seeking at Nestorian sites.
9.5 Appropriation of sites and objects by tourism developers -- 9.6 Conclusions -- Chapter Ten Mongolian appropriation of Nestorian sites and objects -- 10.1 Mongolian oral history of Nestorian sites -- 10.2 Contemporary Mongolian attitudes regarding Nestorian sites and objects -- 10.3 Mongolian attitudes regarding Nestorian sites and objects after settling -- 10.4 Mongolian anecdotes on the origin of Olon Sume -- 10.5 Loss of Mongolian legends, oral history and anecdotes on Nestorian heritage -- 10.6 Conclusions -- Chapter Eleven Appropriation of Nestorian heritage by missionaries and fi eld researchers -- 11.1 Early appropriation of Nestorian heritage by missionaries -- 11.2 Twentieth century appropriation of Nestorian heritage by researchers -- 11.3 Conclusions -- Conclusion -- Summary -- Appendices -- Bibliography -- Index (Colour Plates).
Summary: Drawing on recent discoveries, this study reconstructs the material culture of the Christian Öngüt in Inner Mongolia. As much of this material no longer survives in the field, it provides an insight into the rise and disappearance of a Christian culture in Asia.
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Intro -- CONTENTS -- List of maps, fi gures and plates -- List of appendices -- Acknowledgements -- Note on names, spelling and illustrations -- Introduction -- PART ONE TIME AND PLACE -- Chapter One On the term 'Nestorianism' and the early Chinese terms for Christianity -- 1.1 Origin and early use of the term 'Nestorian' -- 1.2 The Tang dynasty terms for Christianity -- 1.3 The Yuan dynasty term for Christians -- 1.4 Conclusions -- Chapter Two Medieval envoys connecting Europe and the Mongol empire -- 2.1 Prester John and the Christened East -- 2.2 William of Rubruck -- 2.3 Enter Rabban Sauma -- 2.4 Marco Polo -- 2.5 John of Montecorvino -- 2.6 Conclusions -- Chapter Three Nestorian Christians in Central Asia and China in the Mongol era -- 3.1 Nestorian Christians among the Central Asian tribes -- 3.2 Nestorian Christians among the Öngüt -- 3.3 King George of the Öngüt -- 3.4 The Öngüt realm -- 3.5 Nestorian Christians among the Mongols -- 3.6 The Mongol rulers' approach towards Christianity -- 3.7 Nestorian Christians in China proper -- 3.8 Organization of the Church of the East in Central Asia and China -- 3.9 The decline and disappearance of Nestorian Christianity in Central Asia and China -- 3.10 Conclusions -- PART TWO DISCOVERY AND DOCUMENTATION OF NESTORIAN REMAINS IN INNER MONGOLIA -- Chapter Four Foreign discovery and documentation of Nestorian remains in Inner Mongolia before 1949 -- 4.1 Cesar de Brabander (1857-1919) and Charles Pieters (1884-1926) -- 4.2 Henning Haslund-Christensen (1896-1948) -- 4.3 Huang Wenbi (1893-1966) -- 4.4 Owen Lattimore (1900-1989) -- 4.5 Henry Desmond Martin (1908-1973) -- 4.6 Bettina Lum (1911-1983) -- 4.7 Egami Namio (1906-2002) -- 4.7.1 Egami collection -- 4.8 Inoo Tentaro -- 4.9 Carl Barkman (1919-2006) -- 4.10 Other foreign researchers before 1949 -- 4.11 Conclusions.

Chapter Five Discovery and documentation of Nestorian remains in Inner Mongolia after 1949 -- 5.1 Gai Shanlin (1936-) -- 5.2 Further Chinese fi eld research -- 5.3 Accidental Nestorian fi nd by a Chinese farmer around 1984 -- 5.4 Foreign fi eld research from 1997 onwards -- 5.5 Author's fi eld research -- 5.6 Conclusions -- PART THREE RECONSTRUCTION AND CONTEXTUALIZATION OF NESTORIAN REMAINS IN INNER MONGOLIA -- Chapter Six Nestorian city remains from Inner Mongolia -- 6.1 Olon Sume-in Tor (Olon Sume) -- 6.2 Ulan Baishing (Chengbuzi) -- 6.3 Boro Baishing -- 6.4 Mukhor Soborghan -- 6.5 Derriseng Khutug -- 6.6 Identifi cation of Öngüt cities north of Daqingshan mountains -- 6.7 Conclusions -- Chapter Seven Nestorian grave sites and grave material from Inner Mongolia -- 7.1 Turkic-style rock graves and Nestorian steles -- 7.2 Graves with Nestorian gravestones -- 7.3 Nestorian horizontal gravestones -- 7.4 Tomb sculptures at Nestorian sites -- 7.5 Other Nestorian stones from Olon Sume -- 7.6 Öngüt coffi n and pagoda at Zhaohe and coffi n slab at Bailingmiao -- 7.7 Graves with stone columns at Shizhuziliang -- 7.8 Chifeng brick -- 7.9 Conclusions -- Chapter Eight Characteristics of Nestorian grave material from Inner Mongolia -- 8.1 Nestorian inscriptions -- 8.2 The cross of the Church of the East -- 8.3 Design and decoration of grave material -- 8.4 Idiosyncrasies of Nestorian grave material -- 8.5 Conclusions -- PART FOUR APPROPRIATION OF NESTORIAN HERITAGE FROM INNER MONGOLIA -- Chapter Nine Physical appropriation of Nestorian heritage by settlers -- 9.1 Early appropriation of Nestorian objects by Buddhist settlers -- 9.2 Appropriation of Nestorian objects by Han Chinese settlers -- 9.3 Appropriation of Nestorian sites by Han Chinese settlers -- 9.4 Grave looting and treasure seeking at Nestorian sites.

9.5 Appropriation of sites and objects by tourism developers -- 9.6 Conclusions -- Chapter Ten Mongolian appropriation of Nestorian sites and objects -- 10.1 Mongolian oral history of Nestorian sites -- 10.2 Contemporary Mongolian attitudes regarding Nestorian sites and objects -- 10.3 Mongolian attitudes regarding Nestorian sites and objects after settling -- 10.4 Mongolian anecdotes on the origin of Olon Sume -- 10.5 Loss of Mongolian legends, oral history and anecdotes on Nestorian heritage -- 10.6 Conclusions -- Chapter Eleven Appropriation of Nestorian heritage by missionaries and fi eld researchers -- 11.1 Early appropriation of Nestorian heritage by missionaries -- 11.2 Twentieth century appropriation of Nestorian heritage by researchers -- 11.3 Conclusions -- Conclusion -- Summary -- Appendices -- Bibliography -- Index (Colour Plates).

Drawing on recent discoveries, this study reconstructs the material culture of the Christian Öngüt in Inner Mongolia. As much of this material no longer survives in the field, it provides an insight into the rise and disappearance of a Christian culture in Asia.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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