Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- List of WTO Dispute Rulings -- List of International Instruments -- WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AGREEMENTS -- OTHER AGREEMENTS, CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES -- Part I Globalisation, law and the WTO -- CHAPTER 1 Trade Law as a Global Mediator -- Globalisation and law -- Legal pluralism and inter-legality -- The WTO interface between legalities -- Non-Discrimination -- Market access and intellectual property protection -- Competition policy -- WTO law -- Global carriers -- NOTES -- CHAPTER 2 A global context -- Research -- Outlooks -- Convergence and divergence -- The economic sphere -- The political sphere -- The cultural sphere -- Legal pluralism -- Horizontal private business justice -- Richly textured local law -- Intellectual property and related laws -- International law making -- Networks -- Norms -- Governance -- Laws -- Interfaces -- Conclusions -- NOTES -- CHAPTER 3 The World Trade Organization -- The ethos of the WTO -- Trade liberalisation -- Multilateralism -- Agreement making -- The WTO Constitution -- Trade negotiations -- Governance issues -- Cross-institutional structures -- Recent GATS negotiations -- Recent TRIPs negotiations -- The dispute settlement system -- Dispute settlement process -- The record of dispute settlement -- Threshold participation -- Negotiated solutions -- Rulings -- Listening to voices -- Finding meaning -- Judging national measures -- Considering international law -- Reaching limits -- Proceedings for implementation and enforcement -- Attitudes to dispute settlement -- The content of the norms -- Measures affecting trade -- Transparency and form -- Nullification or impairment -- Non-violation complaints -- Complaints under GATS and TRIPs -- Most-favoured-nation treatment -- GATS and TRIPs MFN treatment.

National treatment -- Constraints on local legalities -- Allowances for foreign legalities -- GATS and TRIPs national treatment -- Market access for services -- Protection for intellectual property -- Bilateral free trade agreements -- Scope for national regulation -- Exceptional national regulation -- Disciplines applied to exceptions -- The necessity test -- International regulation -- National regulation and international concerns -- International regulatory competition -- International regulatory coordination -- Competition regulation -- National treatment and competition policy -- Competition policy and market access -- Competition policy and transnational business practices -- Conclusions -- NOTES -- Part II Services -- CHAPTER 4 The General Agreement on Trade in Services -- Emergence of the GATS -- A trade agreement for services -- Liberalisation of trade in services -- Status and format of the agreement -- Scope and definition -- Substantive and procedural requirements -- The tenor of the agreement -- GATS listings approach -- Dispute settlement -- United States - Gambling Services -- Uruguay Round listings -- Level of commitments -- Sources of reservations -- The MFN norm -- MFN exemptions -- Accommodation of regional agreements -- The national treatment norm -- Less favourable treatment -- Like services -- Government procurement -- The market access norm -- The proscribed measures -- The reach of the norm -- Quantitative and qualitative limitations -- The modes of supply -- Cross-border supply -- Consumption abroad -- Presence of natural persons -- Commercial presence -- Domestic regulation -- Legitimate regulatory objectives -- Disciplines applied to the exceptions -- Article VI disciplines -- Financial services negotiations -- Uruguay Round carry-over negotiations -- Scope of the financial services negotiations.

Outcome of the financial services negotiations -- GATS and FTAs -- New round negotiations 2000-2007 -- Negotiations for commitments -- Negotiations over domestic regulation -- Competition regulation -- Other business regulation -- Conclusions -- NOTES -- CHAPTER 5 The case of legal services -- Styles of services supply -- Demands of international clients -- Entrepreneurial legal services -- Relations with states, civil societies, communities -- Foreign or local lawyers -- Locations for legal work -- Cross-border supply -- The power of presence -- Foreign and local lawyers -- National regulation -- Modes of supply -- Practice of foreign law -- Admission to the local profession -- Impact of the GATS -- GATS norms -- GATS commitments -- Country practices -- Japan -- The European Union -- The United States -- The People's Republic of China -- New negotiations -- Cross-border supply and supply from home -- Movement of people -- Commercial presence -- Professional standards -- Accounting sector disciplines -- Legal sector disciplines? -- International regulation -- Conclusions -- NOTES -- Part II Intellectual Property -- CHAPTER 6 The agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights -- The Uruguay Round -- The course of events -- Agenda setting -- Reaching agreement -- General provisions and basic principles -- National treatment -- DSB rulings -- Most-favoured-nation treatment -- Copyright and related rights -- Protection for works -- Use rights -- Related rights -- Patents -- Patentable subject matter -- Use rights -- Other categories -- Trademarks -- Geographical indications -- Industrial designs -- Layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits -- Undisclosed information -- Enforcement provisions -- Special and differential treatment -- Dispute settlement -- Transparency -- Determining non-compliance -- Trade sanctions.

National access regulation -- Copyright and related rights -- United States - section 110(5) Copyright Act -- Patents and other industrial property -- Canada - Patent Protection for Pharmaceuticals -- Trademarks -- Restrictive trade practices regulation -- TRIPs and FTAs -- Conclusions -- NOTES -- CHAPTER 7 The case of genetic codes -- Coding food and medicines -- Global carriers -- Strength of local resources -- Intellectual property regulation -- Role of property rights -- Support for property rights -- Reservations regarding property rights -- The concept of invention -- The discovery/invention distinction -- Patenting genes -- Judicial responses -- The viability of the distinction -- The NIH claims -- Exceptions to patentability -- Plants, animals, people -- Experience with the European exception -- European Biotechnology Directive -- Exceptions elsewhere -- Exceptions to infringement -- Categories of exception -- Compulsory licences -- Plant variety rights -- The UPOV Convention -- Plant breeding -- Breeders' rights -- Protection for traditional knowledge -- Unilateral and bilateral initiatives -- Convention on Biological Diversity -- The FAO -- World Intellectual Property Organization -- TRIPs patentable subject matter -- TRIPs exceptions to patentability -- The role of the review -- Access to medicines -- Industry conditions -- TRIPs patentable subject matter -- TRIPs exceptions to patent infringement -- TRIPs use of undisclosed test data -- TRIPs disputes -- The Doha Declaration -- TRIPs system for trade in licensed drugs -- Conclusions -- NOTES -- Part IV Convergence -- CHAPTER 8 The case of communications media -- Media freedom and control -- Globalising effects -- Access to the media -- Control of the media -- Legal and other controls -- Industry-specific regulation -- Impact of the GATS -- Audio-visual sector -- Telecommunications sector.

Progress in the new GATS Round -- Intellectual property regulation -- Copyright -- Software interfaces -- Online content -- Licensing -- Impact of TRIPs -- The WIPO internet treaties -- Treaty proposals -- Treaty text -- Treaty mediation -- Competition regulation -- Market power and essential facilities -- Computer platforms -- Telecommunications networks -- Content resources -- Media alliances -- WTO competition re-regulation -- TRIPs and access regimes -- GATS and access regimes -- The Mexico telecommunications ruling -- WTO competition and investment agenda -- Framing WTO competition policy -- Linkage to investment liberalisation -- The First Working Group Report -- Competition policy follow-up -- Access to knowledge -- Conclusions -- NOTES -- Index.

An examination of the WTO intellectual property and services agreements (TRIPs and GATS).

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.