Low-Carbon Development : Latin American Responses to Climate Change.

By: de la Torre, AugustoContributor(s): Pablo, Fajnzylber | | John, Nash |Material type: TextTextPublisher: Washington : World Bank Publications, 2009Copyright date: ©2009Description: 1 online resource (220 pages)Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9780821380819Subject(s): Carbon dioxide mitigation -- Latin America | Climatic changes -- Latin America | Energy policy -- Latin AmericaGenre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: Print version:: Low-Carbon Development : Latin American Responses to Climate ChangeDDC classification: 363.738/746098 LOC classification: HD9502.L32 -- L69 2009ebOnline resources: Click to View
Contents:
Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- 1. Confronting the Global Challenge -- 2. Climate Change Impacts in Latin America and the Caribbean -- 3. Adapting to a Changing Climate in the Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- 4. Mitigation Efforts: Moving Beyond the First Generation of Emission Reductions -- 5. Latin America and the Caribbean Region's GHG Emissions -- 6. Climate Change Mitigation in the Latin America and the Caribbean Region: No Regrets and Beyond -- Appendix: Authors of Background Papers -- Bibliography -- Index -- Boxes -- 3.1 Local Coping Strategies: Learning from Long Experience -- 3.2 Efficiencies and Costs of Water Adaptation Strategies: The Case of Rio Bravo -- 3.3 ENSO and the LCR: Use of Climate Predictions to Respond to Weather Variations -- 3.4 The Insurance Role of Safety Nets: Experiences from Nicaragua and Honduras -- 3.5 Weather Insurance Mechanisms -- 3.6 Nonfacilitative Adaptation: In Some Areas, Direct Government Action Will Be Required -- 3.7 Coping with Drought in Northeast Brazil: The Role of Government -- 3.8 Monitoring Is the First Step in Designing Assistance for Ecosystems' Adaptation -- 3.9 Managing Ecosystems in the LCR: Ongoing Projects -- 3.10 Bridging the Gap between Climate Change and Agricultural Technology: Embrapa -- 3.11 Developing Response Strategies to Reduce Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change -- 3.12 Real Options Methodologies -- 3.13 Private and Public Agricultural Research for Climate Change: It Takes Time -- 3.14 The Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility (CCRIF) -- 6.1 Supporting Policies Have Different Effects on Incentives, Investment Certainty, and Costs -- 6.2 More Effective and Efficient Environmental Licensing Is Needed to Unleash the Region's Potential for Hydropower -- 6.3 Unintended Consequences of Combining Biofuel Mandates with Tax Credits.
6.4 Conserving Electricity in Brazil -- 6.5 Energy Efficiency in Mexico -- 6.6 Examples of Transport and Land-Use Planning in Bogotá, Colombia -- 6.7 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Mitigation Measures in Mexico's Transport Sector -- 6.8 Severe Soil Erosion Precipitates the Adoption of Zero Tillage in Brazil -- 6.9 Supporting Customized Solutions through the FCPF -- 6.10 Paying to Protect Forests through ProÁrbol in Mexico -- 6.11 Conservation Banking to Reduce Deforestation and Protect Biodiversity -- Figures -- 1.1 Retreat of the Chacaltaya Glacier in Bolivia -- 1.2 Sector Composition of Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 1.3 Actual versus Projected Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 1.4 Impact of Climate Change on the Frequency of Extreme Weather Events -- 1.5 Marginal Mitigation Cost and Avoided Damage (Benefit) -- 1.6 Impact on Optimal Policies of Unexpected Changes in Marginal Mitigation Costs -- 1.7 McKinsey's Global Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Curve Beyond Business-as-Usual, 2030 -- 1.8 Damage Costs of Different Levels of Global Warming -- 2.1 Time Series of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones and Sea Surface Temperature -- 2.2 Climate-Related Disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean Region versus the Rest of the World Index -- 2.3 Effects of Climate Change on Poverty, Brazilian Municipalities -- 2.4 Retreat of the Chacaltaya Glacier in Bolivia -- 2.5 Projected Sea Level Rise and Its Impact on GDP in Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- 3.1 Estimates of the Long-Term Effects of Droughts on Wages in Brazil -- 4.1 Climate Stabilization Paths -- 4.2 Historic Trends in Per Capita GDP and Per Capita CO2 Energy Emissions -- 4.3 Historic Trends in Per Capita GDP and CO2 Energy Emissions over GDP -- 4.4 A Possible Scheme for Gradual Incorporation of Developing Countries.
4.5 Cumulative Number of Projects in the Clean Development Mechanism Pipeline, by Country/Region of Origin -- 4.6 Primary Clean Development Mechanism Transactions for Compliance, by Country/Region of Origin -- 4.7 Cumulative 2012 Certified Emission Reductions from the Clean Development Mechanism Pipeline, by Country/Region of Origin -- 4.8 Shares of 2012 Clean Development Mechanism's Certified Emission Reductions and Non-LULUCF Emissions (Non-Annex I Countries) -- 4.9 Clean Development Mechanism Portfolio in Latin America and the Caribbean Region, by Country, 2012 Certified Emission Reductions -- 4.10 Clean Development Mechanism Portfolio in Latin America and the Caribbean Region and Asia, by Sector, 2012 -- 5.1 Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Share of Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2000 -- 5.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Latin America and the Caribbean Region and Other Developing Regions, versus GDP and Population, 2000 -- 5.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Per Capita and Per GDP -- 5.4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions by G-8 and Major Developing Countries -- 5.5 Sector Composition of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2000 -- 5.6 Composition of Total Primary Energy Supply for Latin America and the Caribbean Region and the World, 1990 and 2004 -- 5.7 Composition of Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions for Latin America and the Caribbean Region and the World, 1980 and 2004 -- 5.8 Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Electricity Generation Mix, 1981-2006 -- 5.9 Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Carbon Intensity of Electricity and Share of Thermal Generation, 1980-2006 -- 5.10 Composition of Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2000 -- 5.11 Composition and Share of Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Emissions from Land Use Change, 2000 -- 5.12 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Non-Land Use/Land Use Change and Forestry, 2000.
5.13 Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions for Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 2000 -- 5.14 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Per Capita for Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 2000 -- 5.15 Greenhouse Gas Emissions per GDP for Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 2000 -- 5.16 Per Capita Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions -- 5.17 Intensities of Energy Use and Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions -- 5.18 Indexes of Carbon, Energy, and Emission Intensity, and Per Capita GDP, 2000 -- 5.19 Summary Kaya Decomposition of Changes in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions, 1980-2005 -- 5.20 Kaya Decomposition of Changes in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions, by Subperiods, 1980-2005 -- 5.21 Energy Intensity and Primary Energy Use, 2004 -- 5.22 Oil Intensities of Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region and OECD Countries -- 5.23 Trends in Per Capita Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions for Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries -- 5.24 Intensity of Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions Per Capita GDP, Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 1980-2005 -- 5.25 Intensity of Energy Use and Carbon Intensity of Energy, Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 1980-2005 -- 5.26 Kaya Decomposition of Projected Changes in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions, by Subperiods, Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 1980-2005 -- 5.27 Projected Increases in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions, Baseline, and Optimistic IEA Scenarios for Latin America and the Caribbean Region, OECD, and Other Developing Countries, 2004-30 -- 5.28 Kaya Decomposition of Projected Changes in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions, Baseline, and Optimistic International Energy Agency Scenarios for Latin America and the Caribbean Region, OECD, and Other Developing Countries, 2004-30.
5.29 Projected Total Primary Energy Supply under Baseline and Optimistic IEA Scenarios for Latin America and the Caribbean Region, OECD, and Other Developing Countries, 2004-30 -- 6.1 Low Reliance on Coal and High Reliance on Hydro-Electric, Oil, and Biomass in Latin America and the Caribbean Region, 2005 -- 6.2 Hydroelectric Potential in Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- 6.3 Wind Power Potential in Mexico -- 6.4 Conversion of Natural Forest to Second-Generation Biofuels in Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- 6.5 Generation Costs of Hydro Are Often Lower than for Gas and Coal-Based Power -- 6.6 Average Electricity Tariff in Brazil, 1974-2006 -- 6.7 Mexico's Tariff Structure and Electricity Consumption -- 6.8 Mexico-Improvements in Thermal Generation Efficiency -- 6.9 Transport Sector Emissions in Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- 6.10 Emission Levels Can Be Determined by Three Variables -- 6.11 Six Scenarios Estimating Technical Potential to Reduce Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Emissions through Landfill Gas Projects in the CDM -- 6.12 Agricultural Non-CO2 Emissions by Region and Source, 2005 -- 6.13 Projected Cumulative Emissions from Agriculture, by Region, 1990-2020 -- 6.14a Marginal Abatement Cost of Reducing Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Livestock Sector Emissions -- 6.14b Marginal Abatement Cost of Reducing Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Emissions through Soil Management -- 6.15a Carbon Emissions from Deforestation -- 6.15b Annual Deforestation in the Amazon, 1990-2001 -- 6.16 Falling Emissions Because of Strong Conservation in the Amazon -- 6.17 Potential Area (in hectares) for CDM-A/R by Country (Without Considering Protected Areas) -- Maps -- 1.1 Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Exposure to Natural Disasters under Current Climate Conditions.
1.2 Expected Changes in Latin America and the Caribbean Region Climate Risks from 1981-2000 to 2031-50 Based on Eight Global Circulation Models and Levels of Model Concordance.
Summary: Governments and civil society in Latin America and the Caribbean should be well informed about the potential costs and benefits of combating climate change, their policy options over the next decades, and the global context for these policy decisions. At the same time, the global community needs to be better informed about the unique perspective of the Latin American and Caribbean region: problems the region will face, its potential contributions toward combating global warming, and how to maximize this potential while continuing to maintain growth and reduce poverty. This book, a companion volume to Low Carbon, High Growth: Latin American Responses to Climate Change, seeks to help fill both these needs.
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Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- 1. Confronting the Global Challenge -- 2. Climate Change Impacts in Latin America and the Caribbean -- 3. Adapting to a Changing Climate in the Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- 4. Mitigation Efforts: Moving Beyond the First Generation of Emission Reductions -- 5. Latin America and the Caribbean Region's GHG Emissions -- 6. Climate Change Mitigation in the Latin America and the Caribbean Region: No Regrets and Beyond -- Appendix: Authors of Background Papers -- Bibliography -- Index -- Boxes -- 3.1 Local Coping Strategies: Learning from Long Experience -- 3.2 Efficiencies and Costs of Water Adaptation Strategies: The Case of Rio Bravo -- 3.3 ENSO and the LCR: Use of Climate Predictions to Respond to Weather Variations -- 3.4 The Insurance Role of Safety Nets: Experiences from Nicaragua and Honduras -- 3.5 Weather Insurance Mechanisms -- 3.6 Nonfacilitative Adaptation: In Some Areas, Direct Government Action Will Be Required -- 3.7 Coping with Drought in Northeast Brazil: The Role of Government -- 3.8 Monitoring Is the First Step in Designing Assistance for Ecosystems' Adaptation -- 3.9 Managing Ecosystems in the LCR: Ongoing Projects -- 3.10 Bridging the Gap between Climate Change and Agricultural Technology: Embrapa -- 3.11 Developing Response Strategies to Reduce Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change -- 3.12 Real Options Methodologies -- 3.13 Private and Public Agricultural Research for Climate Change: It Takes Time -- 3.14 The Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility (CCRIF) -- 6.1 Supporting Policies Have Different Effects on Incentives, Investment Certainty, and Costs -- 6.2 More Effective and Efficient Environmental Licensing Is Needed to Unleash the Region's Potential for Hydropower -- 6.3 Unintended Consequences of Combining Biofuel Mandates with Tax Credits.

6.4 Conserving Electricity in Brazil -- 6.5 Energy Efficiency in Mexico -- 6.6 Examples of Transport and Land-Use Planning in Bogotá, Colombia -- 6.7 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Mitigation Measures in Mexico's Transport Sector -- 6.8 Severe Soil Erosion Precipitates the Adoption of Zero Tillage in Brazil -- 6.9 Supporting Customized Solutions through the FCPF -- 6.10 Paying to Protect Forests through ProÁrbol in Mexico -- 6.11 Conservation Banking to Reduce Deforestation and Protect Biodiversity -- Figures -- 1.1 Retreat of the Chacaltaya Glacier in Bolivia -- 1.2 Sector Composition of Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 1.3 Actual versus Projected Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 1.4 Impact of Climate Change on the Frequency of Extreme Weather Events -- 1.5 Marginal Mitigation Cost and Avoided Damage (Benefit) -- 1.6 Impact on Optimal Policies of Unexpected Changes in Marginal Mitigation Costs -- 1.7 McKinsey's Global Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Curve Beyond Business-as-Usual, 2030 -- 1.8 Damage Costs of Different Levels of Global Warming -- 2.1 Time Series of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones and Sea Surface Temperature -- 2.2 Climate-Related Disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean Region versus the Rest of the World Index -- 2.3 Effects of Climate Change on Poverty, Brazilian Municipalities -- 2.4 Retreat of the Chacaltaya Glacier in Bolivia -- 2.5 Projected Sea Level Rise and Its Impact on GDP in Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- 3.1 Estimates of the Long-Term Effects of Droughts on Wages in Brazil -- 4.1 Climate Stabilization Paths -- 4.2 Historic Trends in Per Capita GDP and Per Capita CO2 Energy Emissions -- 4.3 Historic Trends in Per Capita GDP and CO2 Energy Emissions over GDP -- 4.4 A Possible Scheme for Gradual Incorporation of Developing Countries.

4.5 Cumulative Number of Projects in the Clean Development Mechanism Pipeline, by Country/Region of Origin -- 4.6 Primary Clean Development Mechanism Transactions for Compliance, by Country/Region of Origin -- 4.7 Cumulative 2012 Certified Emission Reductions from the Clean Development Mechanism Pipeline, by Country/Region of Origin -- 4.8 Shares of 2012 Clean Development Mechanism's Certified Emission Reductions and Non-LULUCF Emissions (Non-Annex I Countries) -- 4.9 Clean Development Mechanism Portfolio in Latin America and the Caribbean Region, by Country, 2012 Certified Emission Reductions -- 4.10 Clean Development Mechanism Portfolio in Latin America and the Caribbean Region and Asia, by Sector, 2012 -- 5.1 Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Share of Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2000 -- 5.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Latin America and the Caribbean Region and Other Developing Regions, versus GDP and Population, 2000 -- 5.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Per Capita and Per GDP -- 5.4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions by G-8 and Major Developing Countries -- 5.5 Sector Composition of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2000 -- 5.6 Composition of Total Primary Energy Supply for Latin America and the Caribbean Region and the World, 1990 and 2004 -- 5.7 Composition of Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions for Latin America and the Caribbean Region and the World, 1980 and 2004 -- 5.8 Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Electricity Generation Mix, 1981-2006 -- 5.9 Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Carbon Intensity of Electricity and Share of Thermal Generation, 1980-2006 -- 5.10 Composition of Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2000 -- 5.11 Composition and Share of Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Emissions from Land Use Change, 2000 -- 5.12 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Non-Land Use/Land Use Change and Forestry, 2000.

5.13 Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions for Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 2000 -- 5.14 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Per Capita for Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 2000 -- 5.15 Greenhouse Gas Emissions per GDP for Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 2000 -- 5.16 Per Capita Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions -- 5.17 Intensities of Energy Use and Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions -- 5.18 Indexes of Carbon, Energy, and Emission Intensity, and Per Capita GDP, 2000 -- 5.19 Summary Kaya Decomposition of Changes in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions, 1980-2005 -- 5.20 Kaya Decomposition of Changes in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions, by Subperiods, 1980-2005 -- 5.21 Energy Intensity and Primary Energy Use, 2004 -- 5.22 Oil Intensities of Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region and OECD Countries -- 5.23 Trends in Per Capita Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions for Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries -- 5.24 Intensity of Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions Per Capita GDP, Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 1980-2005 -- 5.25 Intensity of Energy Use and Carbon Intensity of Energy, Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 1980-2005 -- 5.26 Kaya Decomposition of Projected Changes in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions, by Subperiods, Selected Latin America and the Caribbean Region Countries, 1980-2005 -- 5.27 Projected Increases in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions, Baseline, and Optimistic IEA Scenarios for Latin America and the Caribbean Region, OECD, and Other Developing Countries, 2004-30 -- 5.28 Kaya Decomposition of Projected Changes in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions, Baseline, and Optimistic International Energy Agency Scenarios for Latin America and the Caribbean Region, OECD, and Other Developing Countries, 2004-30.

5.29 Projected Total Primary Energy Supply under Baseline and Optimistic IEA Scenarios for Latin America and the Caribbean Region, OECD, and Other Developing Countries, 2004-30 -- 6.1 Low Reliance on Coal and High Reliance on Hydro-Electric, Oil, and Biomass in Latin America and the Caribbean Region, 2005 -- 6.2 Hydroelectric Potential in Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- 6.3 Wind Power Potential in Mexico -- 6.4 Conversion of Natural Forest to Second-Generation Biofuels in Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- 6.5 Generation Costs of Hydro Are Often Lower than for Gas and Coal-Based Power -- 6.6 Average Electricity Tariff in Brazil, 1974-2006 -- 6.7 Mexico's Tariff Structure and Electricity Consumption -- 6.8 Mexico-Improvements in Thermal Generation Efficiency -- 6.9 Transport Sector Emissions in Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- 6.10 Emission Levels Can Be Determined by Three Variables -- 6.11 Six Scenarios Estimating Technical Potential to Reduce Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Emissions through Landfill Gas Projects in the CDM -- 6.12 Agricultural Non-CO2 Emissions by Region and Source, 2005 -- 6.13 Projected Cumulative Emissions from Agriculture, by Region, 1990-2020 -- 6.14a Marginal Abatement Cost of Reducing Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Livestock Sector Emissions -- 6.14b Marginal Abatement Cost of Reducing Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Emissions through Soil Management -- 6.15a Carbon Emissions from Deforestation -- 6.15b Annual Deforestation in the Amazon, 1990-2001 -- 6.16 Falling Emissions Because of Strong Conservation in the Amazon -- 6.17 Potential Area (in hectares) for CDM-A/R by Country (Without Considering Protected Areas) -- Maps -- 1.1 Latin America and the Caribbean Region's Exposure to Natural Disasters under Current Climate Conditions.

1.2 Expected Changes in Latin America and the Caribbean Region Climate Risks from 1981-2000 to 2031-50 Based on Eight Global Circulation Models and Levels of Model Concordance.

Governments and civil society in Latin America and the Caribbean should be well informed about the potential costs and benefits of combating climate change, their policy options over the next decades, and the global context for these policy decisions. At the same time, the global community needs to be better informed about the unique perspective of the Latin American and Caribbean region: problems the region will face, its potential contributions toward combating global warming, and how to maximize this potential while continuing to maintain growth and reduce poverty. This book, a companion volume to Low Carbon, High Growth: Latin American Responses to Climate Change, seeks to help fill both these needs.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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