Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Biosecurity and quarantine for preventing invasive species -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Invasiveness and impacts -- 1.3 Legislative frameworks -- 1.3.1 International framework -- 1.3.2 National frameworks -- 1.4 Pathways -- 1.4.1 Natural spread and host range extension -- 1.4.2 Accidental introductions -- 1.4.3 Deliberate introductions -- 1.5 Actions -- 1.5.1 Pre-entry -- 1.5.2 Entry (border) -- 1.5.3 Emergency actions -- 1.6 Summary -- 1.7 Acknowledgements -- 2 Risk assessment of invasive species -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Why do we need a formal approach to invasive species risk assessment? -- 2.1.2 Current state of risk assessment for biological invaders -- 2.1.3 The ultimate risk assessment challenge -- 2.2 Components of risk assessment for invasive species -- 2.2.1 Information on species traits -- 2.2.2 Matching species traits to suitable habitats -- 2.2.3 Estimating exposure -- 2.2.4 Surveys of current distribution and abundance -- 2.2.5 Understanding of data completeness -- 2.2.6 Estimates of the 'potential' distribution and abundance -- 2.2.7 Estimates of the potential rate of spread -- 2.2.8 Probable risks, impacts, and costs -- 2.2.9 Containment potential, costs, and opportunity costs -- 2.2.10 Legal mandates and social considerations -- 2.3 Information science and technology -- 2.4 The challenge: to select priority species and priority sites -- 2.5 Acknowledgements -- 3 Detection and early warning of invasive species -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Fire as a metaphor for invasion -- 3.1.2 Definitions -- 3.2 Early detection and rapid assessment -- 3.3 Guiding principles for early detection and rapid assessment -- 3.3.1 Data and information management -- 3.3.2 Global and regional invasive species databases -- 3.3.3 Species reporting requirements -- 3.4 Conclusions.

4 Eradication of invasive species: progress and emerging issues in the 21st century -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 From scepticism to positive consideration -- 4.3 Feasibility -- 4.4 Advances in eradication of vertebrate pests -- 4.5 Advances in eradication of weeds -- 4.6 Emerging issues -- 4.6.1 Eradication on mainlands -- 4.6.2 Does scale count? -- 4.6.3 Delimiting boundaries and detecting survivors and immigrants -- 4.6.4 A particular problem with weeds-seed banks -- 4.6.5 Tricky species -- 4.6.6 Institutional commitment -- 4.6.7 Local elimination -- 4.7 Conclusions -- 4.8 Acknowledgements -- 5 Principles of containment and control of invasive species -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Control and containment-strategies without an end-point -- 5.2.1 When to contain, when to control -- 5.2.2 Feasibility of containment -- 5.2.3 Elements of a containment strategy -- 5.2.4 To control or not to control -- 5.3 Principles of containment and control -- 5.3.1 Evaluate impacts of invasive species -- 5.3.2 Assemble knowledge of species' biology, ecology, and responses to management -- 5.3.3 Map distribution and abundance -- 5.3.4 Set priorities for species and places -- 5.3.5 Coordinate management of multiple, functionally similar invasive species -- 5.3.6 Take action early in the invasion process -- 5.3.7 Direct effort where benefit: cost ratio is high -- 5.3.8 Direct containment effort at the periphery of an expanding distribution -- 5.3.9 Exploit natural barriers to range expansion -- 5.3.10 Exploit times when invasive species' populations are low -- 5.3.11 Acquire continuing commitment -- 5.3.12 Resolve conflicting interests -- 5.3.13 Monitor the consequences -- 5.4 Examples -- 5.4.1 Containment of rubber vine in northern Australia -- 5.4.2 Containment of leucaena-a commercially grown fodder shrub in Australia.

5.4.3 Control of invasive mammalian predators in New Zealand -- 5.4.4 Invasive pasture grasses in Australia -- 5.5 Conclusions -- 5.6 Acknowledgements -- 6 Biological control of invasive species -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Why classical biological control is an appropriate tool for managing invasive species -- 6.3 The practice of classical biological control -- 6.3.1 Early history and development -- 6.3.2 Biological control projects against invasive species in natural ecosystems -- 6.3.3 Success, failures, and the economics of biological control -- 6.4 Modern methods of biological control -- 6.4.1 The characteristics of efficacious agents -- 6.4.2 Issues related to ecological risks -- 6.5 Constraints to the implementation of biological control -- 6.6 Conclusions -- 7 Public participation in invasive species management -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Why involve the public? -- 7.2.1 Ethics -- 7.2.2 Compliance -- 7.2.3 Effectiveness -- 7.3 How to successfully involve the public -- 7.4 Conclusions -- 8 International legal instruments and frameworks for invasive species -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Scope and types of international instruments -- 8.3 Invasive species and global instruments for conservation of biological diversity -- 8.3.1 The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) -- 8.3.2 The Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar) -- 8.3.3 The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) -- 8.3.4 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) -- 8.3.5 The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) -- 8.3.6 The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries -- 8.4 Invasive species and regional instruments for conservation of biological diversity -- 8.4.1 The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Code of Practice -- 8.4.2 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Regional Seas Programme.

8.4.3 Other agreements -- 8.5 Invasive species and instruments relating to phytosanitary and sanitary measures -- 8.5.1 The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) -- 8.5.2 Other regulations -- 8.6 Invasive species and instruments relating to transport operations -- 8.6.1 International Maritime Organization (IMO) -- 8.6.2 The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) -- 8.7 Relationship with multilateral trading systems -- 8.8 International instruments and approaches relevant to invasive species -- 8.9 Relation between invasive species and sustainable development programmes -- 8.10 Regional strategies and plans -- 8.10.1 South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP): invasive species strategy for the Pacific Island region -- 8.10.2 European Strategy (Council of Europe) -- 8.10.3 European Union -- 8.10.4 Pacific Invasives Initiative -- 8.10.5 Pacific Ant Prevention Programme (PAPP) -- 8.11 International programmes and organizations -- 8.11.1 The Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) -- 8.11.2 The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) -- 8.11.3 The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) -- 8.11.4 The Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) and Global Invasive Species Information Network (GISIN) -- 8.12 Conclusions -- 9 Management of invasive terrestrial plants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Classification of weeds and invasive plants -- 9.3 Plant characteristics important in management -- 9.4 Management of terrestrial invasive plants -- 9.4.1 Principles of prevention, eradication, containment, and control -- 9.4.2 Physical methods of invasive plant control -- 9.4.3 Cultural methods of invasive plant control -- 9.4.4 Biological control -- 9.4.5 Chemical control -- 9.4.6 Integrated weed management -- 10 Management of invasive aquatic plants -- 10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Plant characteristics important in management -- 10.3 Modes of introduction and spread -- 10.4 Management of aquatic invasive plants -- 10.4.1 Utilization -- 10.4.2 Manual/mechanical control -- 10.4.3 Herbicidal control -- 10.4.4 Biological control -- 10.4.5 Integrated control -- 10.5 Prevention, early detection, and rapid response -- 11 Management of invasive invertebrates: lessons from the management of an invasive alien ant -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 History -- 11.2.1 The yellow crazy ant as a pantropical invader -- 11.3 YCA invasion of Christmas Island -- 11.3.1 The interim response -- 11.3.2 The aerial control campaign -- 11.3.3 Evaluation and lessons learned from the aerial campaign -- 11.4 Conclusions -- 11.5 Acknowledgements -- 12 Management of terrestrial vertebrate pests -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Tools to prevent new species arriving -- 12.3 Tools to manage established wild populations -- 12.3.1 Detection tools -- 12.3.2 Exclusion -- 12.3.3 Control tools -- 12.4 Conclusions -- 13 Management of invasive fish -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The role of humans -- 13.3 Risk assessment -- 13.4 Economics of eradication and control -- 13.5 Marine versus freshwater -- 13.6 Indigenous fish as invasive species -- 13.7 Routes of introduction and spread -- 13.7.1 Ballast water and vessel hull transport -- 13.7.2 Live fish importation and sale -- 13.7.3 Aquaculture for the aquarium trade -- 13.7.4 Aquaculture for food -- 13.8 Eradication and control -- 13.8.1 Early response -- 13.8.2 Response tools -- 13.8.3 Case studies in the effectiveness of physical removal -- 13.9 Conclusions -- 14 Marine biosecurity: management options and response tools -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Pre-border management -- 14.2.1 Human-mediated invasion pathways -- 14.2.2 Management of human-mediated pathways -- 14.3 Post-border management.

14.3.1 Early detection and rapid response.

Invasive alien species are a major and growing threat to biodiversity worldwide. The transport of organisms through increased levels of trade and tourism is leading to the widespread breaching of natural biogeographic barriers at unprecedented rates. Consequences can be severe, especially in naturally isolated ecosystems. Invasive alien species can cause the extinction of vulnerable endemic species, alter the structure and composition of communities, disrupt successional pathways,and lead to the loss of ecosystem services. Global climate change may further exacerbate the spread of alien species, as climatic zones shift and potential ranges alter. The effective management of invasive alien species is clearly a priority for biological conservation worldwide. This book first provides strategies for managing such species at successive invasion stages, from prevention at the border to control of major infestations. It then describes the general tools and approaches that are recommended for successful management of particular groups of invasive organisms in a range of environments. In each case, the ecological basis and practical requirementsof invasive alien species management are addressed.This integration of proven techniques and policies will be useful to a wide readership of students, academics, conservation practitioners, invasive species managers, legislators, and to the broader community concerned with biological conservation.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.