CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- LIST OF FIGURES -- LIST OF TABLES -- ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES -- INTRODUCTION -- 0.1 Calendars, Astronomy, and Cosmology -- 0.2 Authorship, Tradition, and Rewriting -- 0.3 Late Cuneiform Culture and the History of Science -- 0.4 General Features of the 364-day Year -- 0.4.1 Intercalation -- CHAPTER ONE: UNIFYING ELEMENTS OF THE 364-DAY CALENDAR TRADITION -- 1.1 1 En 82:9-20 and the Hierarchic Division of Time -- 1.2 Stars, Angels and Priests: The Hierarchic Division of the Year -- 1.3 The Turn of the Seasons and the Cardinal Days of the Year -- 1.3.1 The Book of Astronomy -- 1.3.1.1 The 360-day Year -- 1.3.1.2 The Cardinal Days: The Beginning or End of Every Season? -- 1.3.2 The Aramaic Levi Document (ALD) and the Book of Jubilees -- 1.3.3 The Serek Hymn 1QS X and Related Texts -- 1.3.4 Calendrical Texts from Qumran -- 1.3.5 11QPsa XXVII -- 1.3.6 Summary: The Turn of the Seasons and the Cardinal Days -- 1.4 The Septenary Principle -- 1.4.1 The Book of Astronomy -- 1.4.2 Sabbaths and Festivals -- 1.4.3 The Number Seven in Long-term Time Reckoning -- 1.4.4 Counting of Weeks and of the Days of the Week inthe Book of Jubilees -- 1.4.5 The Days of the Week in the Qumran Texts -- 1.5 Conclusion -- CHAPTER TWO: LUNAR THEORY AND THE COMPOSITION OF AB -- 2.1 The Problem of AB's Composition and Literary Identity -- 2.2 Lunar Theory in AB -- 2.2.1 1 En 73:1-8 -- Excursus: The Question of the "Additional" Half-Part -- 2.2.2 1 Enoch 74 -- 2.2.2.1 Delimitation and Internal Structure -- 2.2.2.2 Comments on 1 En 74:1-9 -- 2.2.3 A First Treatise on Lunar Theory: 73:1-74:17 and its Relation to the EMLV -- 2.2.4 The Second Lunar Treatise, Part I: 1 En 78:1-9 -- 2.2.5 The Second Lunar Treatise, Part II: 1 En 78:10-79:6 -- 2.2.5.1 The Original Order of Chapters 78-82.

2.2.5.2 The Second Lunar Treatise, Part III: Comments on 1 En 78:10-14, 17 -- 2.2.5.3 The Second Lunar Treatise, Part IV: Comments on 1 En 78:15-16, 79:3-5 -- 2.2.6 Summary: Lunar Theory in AB -- 2.3 Stars in AB -- 2.4 Conclusion: AB's Composition and Thematic Structure -- CHAPTER THREE: THE TRIENNIAL CYCLE -- 3.1 The Schematic Year -- 3.2 The Moon in AB: Ideological Aspects and Lunar Theory -- 3.3 A Triennial Cycle in 1 En 74:10-16? -- 3.4 The Range of Time Covered in the EMLV -- 3.5 The Triennial Cycle at Qumran -- 3.5.1 The Absence of the Triennial Cycle from 4Q503 'papDaily Prayers' -- 3.5.2 The Lunar Cycle in 4Q334 Ordo -- 3.5.3 The Triennial Cycle in 4Q317 -- 3.5.3.1 Notes on the Structure of 4Q317 -- 3.5.3.2 The Moon in 4Q317 and the EMLV: A Comparison -- 3.5.3.3 4Q317 as a Sectarian Document -- 3.5.4 The Triennial Cycle and Lunar Phenomena in Mišmarot Scrolls -- 3.6 Theological Statements Concerning the Moon and its Orbit in the Early Stages of the 364DCT -- CHAPTER FOUR: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK AND BABYLONIAN ASTRONOMY: MUL.APIN AND EAE -- 4.1 The Astronomical Teaching of Mul.Apin -- 4.1.1 The "Water-Clock Formula" -- 4.1.2 The First Intercalation Scheme -- 4.1.3 The Second Intercalation Scheme and the 364DY -- 4.1.4 The Shadow-length Table -- 4.1.5 Lunar Visibility: Mul.Apin Section l and EAE 14 -- Excursus: Additional Notes on EAE 14 -- 4.2 The Acceptance and Influence of Mul.Apin-type Astronomy -- 4.2.1 Mul.Apin in Neo-Assyrian Letters and Reports -- 4.2.2 Mul.Apin-type Astronomy Outside Mesopotamia -- 4.3 AB and Mul.Apin-type Astronomy -- 4.3.1 The 360-day Year, the 364-day Year, and the Triennial Cycle -- 4.3.2 The Length of Daytime and Night Time -- 4.3.3 The Gates/Paths of Heaven and the Annual Seasons -- Excursus: A Possible Source for the System of Twelve Gates -- 4.3.4 Lunar Visibility -- 4.3.5 The Stars.

4.4 Conclusion: AB and Mul.Apin-type Astronomy -- CHAPTER FIVE: LUNAR PHASES IN THE MIŠMAROT SCROLLS AND LATE BABYLONIAN ASTRONOMY -- 5.1 A Description of 4Q320, 4Q321, and 4Q321a -- 5.1.1 4Q320 -- 5.1.1.1 Creation in 4Q319 and 4Q320 -- 5.1.2 4Q321 and 4Q321a -- 5.2 The Lunation in 4Q320 and 4Q321 and the Identity of X and dwq -- 5.2.1 General -- 5.2.2 Dwq-A Morphological and Etymological Analysis -- 5.2.3 The Mišmarot Lunar Texts and Other Lunar Texts from Qumran -- 5.2.4 Earlier Attempts to Identify X and dwq -- 5.3 Lunar Visibility at Qumran and in Late Babylonian Sources -- 5.3.1 Non-mathematical Astronomy of the Persian and Hellenistic Period -- 5.3.2 The Lunar Three -- 5.3.3 The Lunar Text BM 32327+ -- 5.3.4 The Lunar Three and the Qumran Lunar Data: Comparison and Implications -- 5.3.5 Further Answers to the "dwq = full moon" Hypothesis -- 5.3.6 The Order of X and dwq in 4Q321 -- 5.4 Conclusion -- CHAPTER SIX: BETWEEN BABYLONIA AND JERUSALEM: THE NATURE AND DATE OF THE CONTACT -- 6.1 Nature and Date of the Cultural Contact -- 6.2 Mesopotamian Elements in the Enochic and Qumran Literature -- 6.3 Aramaic Cultural Mediation -- 6.4 Possible Contacts with Syrian Culture -- 6.5 Cuneiform Culture, Babylonian Jewry, and the Transmission to Judaea -- 6.6 Adoption or Adaptation: Babylonian Science in Qumran Calendars -- CHAPTER SEVEN: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- 7.1 The Jewish 364-day Calendar Tradition -- 7.2 The Composition of AB -- 7.3 The Jewish Representation of MesopotamianAstronomy -- 7.4 The Westwards Transmission of BabylonianAstronomy -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX OF ANCIENT SOURCES -- INDEX OF MODERN AUTHORS -- INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

Covering a wide array of sources from ancient Mesopotamia to the Dead Sea Scrolls, the present volume offers an innovative perspective on Jewish apocalyptic time-reckoning during the Second Temple period, based on a unique calendar year of 364 days.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.