Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Demographics and Framework -- Demographics -- The Framework -- 3. Education and Learning -- High Enrollments, but Challenges for the Poor -- Ensuring Quality Remains a Challenge -- Risk Factors Impede School Progression -- Challenges in Expanding Education for the Poor and Marginal -- 4. Labor Markets and Business Cycles -- Difficult Times for Youth in Employment, Unemployment, and Wages -- Youth Fared Badly During Business Cycles -- Higher Occupational Mobility for Youth -- The Challenges of Unemployment, Instability, and Early Labor Force Entry -- 5. Growing Up Healthy -- Tobacco-Youth Are Starting to Smoke Younger -- Alcohol Consumption Is Highly Associated with Other Risky Behaviors -- Illegal Drug Use Is Fairly Low, but Usually Starts during Youth -- Promoting Healthy Lives -- 6. Forming Families -- Argentine Youth Are Sexually Initiated at Younger Ages -- Education Is Important for Increased Contraceptive Use -- Poor Youth Are Most at Risk for Unplanned Pregnancies -- High HIV/AIDS Infections May Mean Youth Aren't Aware of Risks -- Better Family Formation to Benefit Today's Youth-And Tomorrow's -- 7. Citizenship and Participation -- Youth and Citizenship-The Challenge of Integration -- Crime and Violence-Obstacles to a Successful Transition -- Actions to Promote Citizenship and Reduce Crime and Violence -- 8. Youth Policy Directions To Reduce Youth At Risk -- Realizing the Benefits of the Demographic Dividend -- Achieving a More Effective Mix of Youth Policies -- Further Policy Directions -- Appendix: Argentina at a Glance -- References -- Map: Argentina -- Table 1.1. Top Problems Identified By Youth Ages 15-24, By Socioeconomic Strata -- Table 1.2. Youth Behaviors and Outcomes Are Interrelated.

Table 2.1. Youth Ages 15-24 in 2005, Selected Countries -- Table 2.2. Youth in Argentina, By Risk Status -- Table 3.1. Education Indicators in Latin America and the Caribbean and the OECD -- Table 3.2. Net Secondary School Enrollment Rates, Selected Years 1992-2005 -- Table 3.3. Population and Enrollment Growth in 1980, 1991, and 2001 -- Table 3.4. Gross Enrollment Rates in Argentina, By Age and Gender, 1992-2005 -- Table 3.5. Nonenrollment, By Area, 2001 -- Table 3.6. Nonenrollment and Attendance Rates By Quintile for 6-17-year-olds -- Table 3.7. Average Years of Education, By Household Income Quintile, 1992, 2000, and 2005 -- Table 3.8. Test Scores for Latin America and the OECD in 2000 -- Table 3.9. Educational Outcomes of Young People, By Age -- Table 3.10. Mothers' and Children's Schooling in Greater Buenos Aires in 2005-Maxium Level of Education Achieved -- Table 3.11. Likelihood of Starting Secondary School, 2005 -- Table 3.12. Likelihood of Completing Secondary School, 2005 -- Table 3.13. Is a Student Likely to Complete Secondary School? -- Table 4.1. Age Distribution of Employed Workers, 1992, 2000, and 2005 -- Table 4.2. Duration of Unemployment -- Table 4.3. Change in Wage Returns over Business Cycles -- Table 4.4. Change in Likelihood of Being Unemployed over the Business Cycle -- Table 4.5. Paths Followed by Youth and Adult Workers in the Labor Market, 1995-2003 -- Table 5.1. Mortality Rate for Ages 15-24 -- Table 5.2. Mortality Due to External Causes, Ages 15-24 -- Table 5.3. Projected Numbers of 15-year-Olds in 2003 Who Will Die Before the Age of 60 -- Table 5.4. Mortality per 100,000 Caused by Road Traffic Injury for Ages 15-29 -- Table 5.5. Tobacco Use in Adolescents -- Table 5.6. Patterns of Tobacco Use for Youth Ages 15-24 -- Table 5.7. Estimated Relative Odds of Smoking Frequently.

Table 5.8. Patterns of Alcohol Use for Youth Ages 15-24 -- Table 5.9. Estimated Relative Odds of Drinking Alcohol on a Regular Basis -- Table 5.10. Patterns of Drug Use for Youth Ages 15-24 -- Table 5.11. Estimated Relative Odds of Having Consumed Drugs -- Table 6.1. Economic and Social Costs of Early Pregnancies -- Table 6.2. Child Mortality Indicators, Selected Countries -- Table 6.3. Child Heath Indicators, Selected Countries -- Table 6.4. Maternal Health Indicators, Selected Countries -- Table 6.5. Cumulative Percentage of Sexually-initiated Youth, By City of Residence and Gender -- Table 6.6. Discrete Event History Estimates Predicting Sexual Initiation Until Age 19 for Men -- Table 6.7. Discrete Event History Estimates Predicting Sexual Initiation Until Age 19 for Women -- Table 6.8. Proportion of Sexually-initiated Women Who Have Used Condoms and the Birth Control Pill -- Table 6.9. Proportion of Sexually-initiated Women Who Have Used Contraception, By Education and Age Group -- Table 6.10. Percentage of Live Births to Mothers Below the Age of 20 for Selected Regions in Argentina, 2004 -- Table 6.11. Discrete Event History Estimates Predicting Adolescent Pregnancy -- Table 6.12. HIV/AIDS Prevalence Estimates among Youth, Selected Countries -- Table 7.1. Voting Behavior and Participation of Youth 18-24, By Income Quintile -- Table 7.2. Declared Level of Trust in the Judicial System, By Age and Income Quintile -- Figure 2.1. Fertility Rate and Life Expectancy -- Figure 2.2. Population Distribution in 1990 -- Figure 2.3. Population Distribution in 2000 -- Figure 2.4. Population Distribution in 2020 -- Figure 2.5. Population Distribution in 2040 -- Figure 2.6. Distribution of Youth Across Regions in Argentina, 2001 -- Figure 2.7. Share of Youth By Region, 2001 -- Figure 2.8. Five Youth Transitions to Adulthood.

Figure 3.1. Nonenrollment Rates, Ages 6-17, 1980, 1991, and 2001 -- Figure 3.2. Enrollment and Population By Age, 2001 -- Figure 3.3. Per Capita GDP and Average Test Scores, Selected Countries -- Figure 3.4. Paths for Students 15-30 Years Old in Greater Buenos Aires -- Figure 4.1. Ratio of Youth to Total Unemployment in Selected Latin American Countries, Average 1993-2003 -- Figure 4.2. Unemployment Rates, By Age, 1992-2003 -- Figure 4.3. Youth Employment and Unemployment Rates, 1992-2003 -- Figure 4.4. Proportion of All Youth Employed and Unemployed in 2005, By Income -- Figure 4.5. Proportion of All Youth Employed and Unemployed in 2005, By Gender -- Figure 4.6. Average Hourly Wage, By Educational Level -- Figure 4.7. Average Hourly Wage, By Age Group -- Figure 4.8. Relative Youth (15-24) and Adult (25-60) Wages, By Region, 1992-2003 -- Figure 4.9. Distribution of Occupations By Category and Age, 1995-2003 -- Figure 5.1. Living with Both Parents Decreases Substance Abuse -- Figure 7.1. Domestic Violence, School Dropout, and Early Sexual Initiation in Four Provinces in Argentina -- Figure 7.2. Homicide Rates for Males -- Figure 7.3. Homicide Rates for Females -- Figure 7.4. Male Homicide Victims, By Age -- Figure 7.5. Female Homicide Victims, By Age -- Box 1.1. Definitions and Concepts -- Box 1.2. World Development Report 2007 and the Regional Youth Study for Latin America and the Caribbean -- Box 1.3. Data Used for Analyses -- Box 2.1. Conceptual Framework for Youth at Risk -- Box 4.1. Typology of Labor Market Paths -- Box 7.1. Digital Inclusion -- Box 7.2. Monitoring and Evaluation among Youth NGOs-Youth As Key Actors at Each Step -- Box 8.1. Youth Are an Asset to Society -- Box 8.2. Interventions for Youth at Risk That Don't Work.

Argentina's youth are an important, but to a certain extent untapped, resource for development. Over 2 million (31 percent) have already engaged in risky behaviors, and another 1 million (15 percent) are exposed to risk factors that are correlated with eventual risky behaviors. This totals 46 percent of youth at some form of risk. This book addresses the risks faced by youth in Argentina as well as the policy options for addressing them.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.