Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Editor Biographies -- Acronyms -- Overview -- I. Context -- II. Reflections on the Past -- III. Opportunities and Suggestions for the Future -- IV. Some Suggestions on Areas of Priority and Schedule -- Table 1. If Bolivia Had Matched the Pace of Economic Growth in Latin America, 1950-2000 ... -- Table. 2. How Sustained Growth of 4.5 to 5% Could Increase Income and Reduce Poverty -- Table 3. Suggested Areas of Priority and Schedule -- Part I Growing More and Better -- 1. Socially Responsible Macroeconomic Management -- I. Introduction -- II. Background and Diagnosis of Economic Risks -- III. Macroeconomic Management Since 1998 -- IV. Conclusions and Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Figure 1. Trends in the Macroeconomic Situation -- Figure 2. The Business Climate-Regional and Global Context -- Figure 3. The Business Climate-International Comparison -- Figure 4. Social Instability and Interest Rates -- Figure 5. Public and Private International Capital Flows -- Table 1. Destination of Trade, 2003 -- Table 2. Public Spending by Level of Education in Total Expenditures on Education, by Quintiles (Percentages) -- Box 1. Macroeconomic Fragility and Growth in the 1990s -- Box 2. How Have the Shocks Affected the Economy? -- 2. Taxes, Collection Capabilities, and Distribution -- I. Background -- II. Evaluation of National Taxes and Policy Options -- III. Tax Administration and Customs -- IV. Tax System on Upstream Hydrocarbons -- V. Distribution of Tax revenue -- VI. Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Annex 1. Principal National Taxes -- Annex 2. Tax Regime on the Upstream Hydrocarbon Activities -- Annex 3. System for the Allocation of Tax Revenue -- Figure 1. Trends and Structure of Tax Revenue in Bolivia, 1990-2004 -- Figure 2. VAT Tax Evasion, 2000-2004.

Figure 3. Investment in Gas Exploration, Exploitation, and Reserves, 1990-2004 -- Figure 4. Reserves of Gas in Latin American Countries (TCF of Gas) -- Figure 5. Royalties on Natural Gas Production Worldwide -- Figure 6. Distribution of Taxes among Departments, 2000-2004 -- Figure 7. Participation of the Municipalities in Departmental Allocations, 2004 -- Figure 8. Effect of the IDH on the Vertical Distribution of Taxes, 2004 -- Figure 9. Effect of the IDH on the Distribution of Taxes to the Departments, 2004 -- Table 1. Tax Burden as a Percentage, by Household Income Quintiles -- Table 2. Structure of National Tax Revenue, 1990-2004 -- Table 3. The VAT in Latin America, 2001 -- Table 4. Taxes on Corporate Income in Latin America -- Table 5. Comparisons between Tax Systems, Positions of Selected Countries, 2004 -- Table 6. Imports Processed Annually by Customs Employees -- Table 7. Principal Policy Options -- 3. Transaction Costs and Aid Effectiveness -- I. Background -- II. Pending Challanges -- III. Policy Recommendations-An Opportunity -- Annex I. Paris Agenda: Goals Agreed Upon in Relation to the 12 Progress Indicators -- Annex II. Examples of Activities at the Country Level -- Annex III. The New Relationship Framework between the Government and the International Cooperation Community in the 21st Cent -- Annex IV. Executive Summary: National Harmonization and Alignment Plan -- Box 1. Incidence of International Aid in Bolivia -- Box 2. Fiscal Roundtable And Sector Wide Approaches In The Education Sector: Two Concrete Examples Of Coordination And Harmon -- Box 3. Harmonization of Policies and Procedures for Procurements and Financial Management -- Box 4. Inter-Institutional Follow-Up and Evaluation Council -- Resource Guide -- 4. Management and Sustainability of the Public Debt -- I. Background -- II. Sustainability of the Debt.

III. Public Debt Management -- IV. Efficient Control of Subnational Debt -- Bibliography -- Annex I. Analytical Framework for Debt Sustainability -- Annex II. Contingent Liabilities -- Figure 1. Public Debt Trends -- Figure 2. Public Debt in Latin America -- Figure 3. Composition of the External Debt, 2004 -- Figure 4. Composition of the Domestic Debt, 2004 -- Figure 5. Debt Trends if the Primary Deficit Remains at Historic Levels -- Figure 6. Primary Deficit Needed to Maintain Debt Levels following the Debt Cancellation -- Figure 7. Composition of Treasury Instruments on the Open Market -- Figure 8. Average Maturation of Placements of Treasury Instruments -- Table 1. Sensitivity of the Required Primary Deficit, Depending Upon Different Economic Growth Assumptions (Percent of GDP) -- Table 2. Principal Debt Indicators of the Institutions in the Financial Restructuring Plan -- Box 1. External Debt Restructuring and Relief -- Box 2. Assumptions of the Base Scenario -- Box 3. Institutions Involved in Public Debt Management -- Box 4. Budget Administration Act and Control of the Subnational Debt -- 5. Challenges and Opportunities for the Financial System -- I. Background -- II. Recent Policy Measures Relevant to the Financial Sector -- III. Selected Issues and Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Annex: Banking Trends -- Figure 1. Financial System Trends in Public Obligations -- Figure A1. Trends in the Variables of the Bank and Non-Bank System (1998-September 2005) -- Figure A2. Trends in Bank Deposits Denominated in Local Currency and Dollars, by Term (March 2004-September 2005) -- Figure A3a. Annual Trends in Default Rates by Group of Entities (2002-September 2005) -- Figure A3b. Annual Trends in the Coverage of the Default Portfolio, by Group of Entities (2002-September 2005).

Figure A4. Trends in the Default Rate for the Rescheduled, Non-Rescheduled, and Total Portfolio of the Banking System (Decemb -- Table 1. Number of Branches in Rural and Urban Areas, by Type of Entity -- Table A1. Concentration of Bank Deposits, November 2005 and December 2002 -- Box 1. Credit Technologies of the MFEs -- Box 2. Weaknesses of Law 2495 -- Box 3. NAFIBO Contribution and the Value of Holding Shares of the BUN -- 6. The Gas Era -- I. Background -- II. Industry Features -- Bibliography -- Figure 1. Bolivia: Foreign Direct Investment -- Figure 2. Investments in Exploration and Exploitation (1992-2005) -- Figure 3. Comparison of Government Revenue on Exploration and Exploitation Contracts -- Figure 4. Gas Exports to Brazil - Mutún (in millions of m3/d) -- Figure 5. Distribution of Revenue from the Direct Tax on Hydrocarbons (IDH), 2006 -- Figure 6. Costs and Prices of LPG -- Figure 7. Incidence of Subsidies on the Population -- Figure 8. Supply and Demand for Oil -- Figure 9. Supply and Demand for LPG -- Table 1. Bolivia-Certified Natural Gas and Oil/Condensate Reserves -- Table 2. Oil Exports -- Table 3. Taxes under Law 1689 (Exploration and Exploitation) -- Table 4. Royalties and Income Taxes -- Table 5. Results of the June 2004 Referendum -- Table 6. Taxes under Law 3058 (Exploration and Exploitation) -- Table 7. Gasoline and Diesel Oil Prices (December 2004-January 2005) -- 7. Economic Growth through Productivity and Competitiveness -- I. Background: The Problem is Slow Growth -- II. Issues of Competitiveness and the Investment Environment -- III. Policy Options and Choices -- Bibliography -- Annex -- Figure 1. Informality -- Figure A1. Property Rights and Judicial Performance Indicators -- Figure A2. Public Regulation Indicators -- Table 1. Contribution of Companies to the GDP and to Jobs, by Size, 1999.

Table 2. Global Competitiveness Index, 2004 -- Table 3. Ranking in the Public Institutions Index, Selected Countries, 2004 -- Table 4. Starting a Company, Selected Countries, 2005 -- Table 5. Suggested Policy Measures, in Chronological Order -- Table A1. Annual Growth of Per Capita GDP for Selected Countries, 1950-2000 -- Table A2. Contractual Performance, Selected Countries, 2005 -- Table A3. Trade Across International Borders, Selected Countries, 2005 -- Box 1. Lessons from International Experience with EPZs. -- 8. Rural Development -- I. Introduction -- II. The Principal Challenges -- III. Policy Options -- Bibliography -- Annex: Some Characteristics of the Coca Leaf Sector -- Figure 1. Trends in the Cultivated Surface Area of Major Crops (1985-2004) -- Figure 2. Trends in GDP of the Manufacturing Sector, by Sub-sector (1989-2004) -- Figure 3. Basic Unsatisfied Needs: Population by Poverty Strata, 1992-2001 -- Figure 4. Comparative Yields -- Table 1. National Population, by Geographic Area, Censuses of 1950, 1976, 1992, and 2001 -- Table 2. Distribution of Shared Tax Revenue and HIPC II, by Geographic Area -- Table 3. Poverty Indicators for 2002, by Geographic Area and Recent Migration -- Table 4. Average Annual Variation in the Incidence of Poverty and Extreme Poverty, by Unsatisfied Basic Needs -- Table 5. Incidence of Poverty, by Unsatisfied Basic Needs 1976, 1992, 2001 -- Table A.1. Coca Leaf Production in the Andes, Hectares, 1994-2004 -- 9. Trade and Integration Policies -- I. Background-Characteristics of the External Sector -- II. Diagnosis-Principal Restrictions in the Foreign Trade Sector -- III. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Figure 1. Composition of Non-Traditional Exports, 2004 -- Figure 2. Concentration of Exports, 1962-2003 -- Figure 3. Labor Content of Manufacturing Exports by Region, 2003.

Figure 4. Non-Traditional Exports by Principal Market and Competitors, 2003.

Bolivia's challenges with regard to policy are multiple, deep and multifaceted, and as such they require integral proposals. The book tries to cover these challenges in their different dimensions and presents options to grow more and better creating jobs, with benefits for all, and without corruption and with civic participation. The design and implementation of all these options, simultaneously or in the short- and medium-term, is not feasible; and from here blooms options.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.