Opportunity for a Different Peru : Prosperous, Equitable, and Governable.

By: Giugale, Marcelo MContributor(s): Newman, John L | Fretes-Cibils, VicenteMaterial type: TextTextPublisher: Herndon : World Bank Publications, 2006Copyright date: ©2007Description: 1 online resource (860 pages)Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9780821368633Subject(s): Peru -- Economic policy | Peru -- Politics and government -- 1980- | Peru -- Social policy | Political scienceGenre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: Print version:: Opportunity for a Different Peru : Prosperous, Equitable, and GovernableDDC classification: 330.985 LOC classification: HC227 -- .O665 2007ebOnline resources: Click to View
Contents:
Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Editor Biographies -- Acronyms -- Synthesis -- I. Rationale-Why This Book? -- II. The Opportunity for a Different Peru-The Main Messages -- III. An Economy That Creates Jobs -- IV. A New Social Contract -- V. A State to Be Proud of -- VI. Putting It All Together-An Agenda For Action -- Part I Thematic Chapters -- Chapter 1. The Power of Growth to Build a Prosperous Society -- I. Introduction -- II. Growth and Poverty Reduction-Over Time and Across Countries -- III. How to Achieve Sustained High Growth -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2. Governance: A Strategy for State Reform -- I. Introduction -- II. Toward a New Strategy for State Reform -- III. Diagnostic: Four Areas of State Reform -- IV. Policy Recommendations -- V. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Annex -- Part II An Economy That Generates Jobs -- MACROECONOMIC STABILITY -- Chapter 3. Macroeconomic Framework for Sustainable Growth -- I. Background -- II. Sources of Economic Growth: An Accounting Framework -- III. Recent Macroeconomic Performance and Key Challenges -- IV. Key Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4. Toward a More Efficient Tax Policy -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure and Trends in the Tax System -- III. The Three Main Problems: Exemptions, Business Informality and Tax Evasion, and Constantly Changing Rules -- IV. Current Tax Policies and Some Policy Options -- V. Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Annex 1. Principal Changes in Tax Legislation over the Past 10 Years -- Annex 2. Estimated Fiscal Impact of the Principal Tax Law Changes, 1997-2000 -- Annex 3. Estimated Fiscal Impact of the Principal Tax Measures, 2001-05 -- Chapter 5. Fiscal Sustainability and Debt Management -- I. Background -- II. Debt Sustainability -- III. Debt Management and Debt Market Development, 2000-05 -- Annex I. International Comparisons: Tables and Graphs.
Annex II. Analytical Framework for Fiscal Sustainability -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6. Infrastructure Concessions: Moving Forward -- I. Main Infrastructure Sector Issues -- II. Infrastructure Needs and Impact on Poverty and Growth -- III. Moving Forward -- Bibliography -- GROWTH AND COMPETITIVENESS -- Chapter 7. Access to Financial Services: Setting the Basis for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth -- I. Current Status -- II. Future Challenges -- III. Key Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Annex -- Chapter 8. Trade and Competitiveness in Peru -- I. Recent Performance and Challenges for Trade and Competitiveness -- II. Key Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9. Toward Agricultural Competitiveness and Rural Social Equity -- I. Background -- II. Conditions: Foundations for a Policy of Equitable Agricultural Development -- III. Options: Competitiveness and Social Equity -- Bibliography -- Chapter 10. Territorial Development -- I. Introduction -- II. The Context -- III. Progress in the Territorial Approach -- IV. Creation of the Mechanism to Support Territorial Development -- V. Some Steps for Implementation -- Bibliography -- INFRASTRUCTURE -- Chapter 11. Urban Transportation -- I. Transportation Problems in Lima -- II. Recent Initiatives -- III. Regional Reform Trends in the Sector -- IV. Policy Options and Recommendations -- V. Problems and Outlooks in Other Urban Centers of Peru -- Bibliography -- Chapter 12. Rural Infrastructure -- I. Key Problems -- II. Options for a Rural Infrastructure Policy and Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 13. Electricity Sector -- I. Introduction -- II. Main Issues and Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 14. Potable Water and Sanitation -- I. Introduction -- II. Principal Challenges for the Sector -- III. Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 15. Housing -- I. Background.
II. Recent Policies -- III. Recommendations -- Bibliography -- NATURAL RESOURCES -- Chapter 16. Natural Resources and Development -- I. Background -- II. Biological Diversity -- III. Conserving Biodiversity through Natural Protected Areas -- IV. Forestry -- V. Soil Degradation -- Bibliography -- Chapter 17. Oil and Gas Sector -- I. Background -- II. Upstream Investments and Oil Production -- III. Refining and Distribution of Petroleum Products -- IV. The Gas Industry -- V. Environmental and Social Impacts -- VI. Overall Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 18. Water Resources -- I. Overview -- II. Water Resources Challenges and Possible Solutions -- III. Recommendations -- Chapter 19. Increasing the Benefits from the Fisheries Sector through Policy Reform -- I. Introduction -- II. Background -- III. Specific Problems -- IV. The Future -- V. Policy Recommendations -- Annex -- References -- Chapter 20. Mining: The Challenge of Sustainability -- I. The Importance of Mining -- II. Challenges and Potential Impediments to Growth -- III. Mining Environmental Legacies -- Bibliography -- ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES -- Chapter 21. Setting Environmental Priorities in Peru -- I. Background -- II. Setting Priorities from the Cost of Environmental Degradation -- III. Tackling Environmental Priorities -- IV. Institutional Analysis -- V. Policy Options -- Bibliography -- Chapter 22. Environmental Degradation and Environmental Health Policy in Peru -- I. Introduction -- II. Diagnosis of Factors and Recommendations -- III. Conclusions and Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Part III A New Social Contract -- GENERAL WELLBEING -- Chapter 23. Poverty, Inequality, and Inclusion -- I. Poverty and Inequality Update and Trends, 2001-04 -- II. Poverty Profile -- III. Poverty Dynamics -- IV. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Annex I. Statistical Tables.
Annex II. Measuring the Size and Living Standards of the Indigenous Population -- Chapter 24. Property Rights and Land Tenancy -- I. Property Rights and Land Ownership: Contribution to Economic and Social Development -- II. Background -- III. Current Property Rights and Land Tenancy Problems -- IV. Conclusions and Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Annex 1. Urban Property Rights Project -- Annex 2. Organization Chart of National and Local Institutions associated with Property Rights in Peru -- Annex 3. Institutions that Handle Information on Property Rights in Peru -- Chapter 25. Youth -- I. Introduction -- II. The Situation of Youth -- III. Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Annex -- SOCIAL SECTORS -- Chapter 26. The Power of Growth to Build a Prosperous Society -- I. The Current Situation -- II. The Role of Spending -- III. Two Special Problems: Desertion and Bilingual Education -- IV. Many Peruvians Know What to Do, But the System Still Doesn't -- V. Decentralization's Challenges and Opportunities -- VI. Policy Recommendations -- VII. Short-Term Priorities -- VIII. Summary of Priorities -- Bibliography -- Chapter 27. Tertiary Education -- I. Introduction -- II. Expansion and Diversification -- III. Financing of Tertiary Education -- IV. Equitable Access to Tertiary Education -- V. Quality and Relevance -- VI. Efficiency -- VII. Linkages and Articulation -- VIII. University Research -- IX. Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 28. Health Outcomes and Public Health Sector Performance -- I. Introduction -- II. Background and Context -- III. Innovations and Challenges in the Management and Financing of Health Care -- IV. Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 29. The Social Safety Net -- I. Sector Background: The Social Safety Net Sector -- II. Key Issues in the Social Safety Net Sector.
III. Future Prospects: Constraints and Opportunities in Reforming the SSN Sector -- IV. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 30. Human Resources in Public Health and Education in Peru -- I. Low-Level Equilibrium -- II. Antipoor Bias -- III. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 31. The Pension System -- I. Background, Context, Diagnosis -- II. The Future -- III. Policies -- Bibliography -- Part IV A State to Be Proud of -- MODERNIZATION OF THE STATE -- Chapter 32. Decentralization -- I. Background -- II. Challenges -- III. Policy Options -- Bibliography -- Chapter 33. E-Government -- I. Trends and the Current Situation -- II. Peru in the International Context -- III. The Risks of Nonimplementation -- IV. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 34. Justice -- I. Introduction -- II. Composition of the Justice Sector -- III. Barriers in Access to Justice: Diagnostics and Issues for the Sector -- IV. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- ACCESS TO WELLBEING -- Chapter 35. Crime and Violence -- I. Diagnostic -- II. Players and Policies -- III. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 36. Voice and Participation -- I. Introduction -- II. Communications Channels and Participation -- III. Functionality of Voice Mechanisms -- IV. A Look Towards the Future: Trends and Recommendations -- Bibliography.
Summary: For the first time in the republican history of Peru, the presidential transition takes place in democracy, social peace, fast economic growth and favorable world markets. In other words, there has never been a better chance to build a different Peru - a richer country, more equal and governable. There are multiple ways to achieve that goal. New reforms must stem from a widespread and participatory debate, one of a common vision conceived for and by Peruvians. This book aims at making a technical and independent contribution to such debate; it summarizes the knowledge available about the challenges to be faced by the new administration. The study does not recommend silver bullets, but suggests policy options. It is based on the analysis of the current reality and in six decades of relationships with Peru, in which the Bank has implemented more than 100 projects and prepared more than 500 technical reports covering the wide range of development topics. When necessary, the study provides lessons that the Bank has learned elsewhere. The study provides a conceptual framework to the analysis of the country's 34 economic sectors and the two historical perspectives behind them. In doing so, it offers a comprehensive reform agenda that sheds light on possible priorities and courses of action.
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Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Editor Biographies -- Acronyms -- Synthesis -- I. Rationale-Why This Book? -- II. The Opportunity for a Different Peru-The Main Messages -- III. An Economy That Creates Jobs -- IV. A New Social Contract -- V. A State to Be Proud of -- VI. Putting It All Together-An Agenda For Action -- Part I Thematic Chapters -- Chapter 1. The Power of Growth to Build a Prosperous Society -- I. Introduction -- II. Growth and Poverty Reduction-Over Time and Across Countries -- III. How to Achieve Sustained High Growth -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2. Governance: A Strategy for State Reform -- I. Introduction -- II. Toward a New Strategy for State Reform -- III. Diagnostic: Four Areas of State Reform -- IV. Policy Recommendations -- V. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Annex -- Part II An Economy That Generates Jobs -- MACROECONOMIC STABILITY -- Chapter 3. Macroeconomic Framework for Sustainable Growth -- I. Background -- II. Sources of Economic Growth: An Accounting Framework -- III. Recent Macroeconomic Performance and Key Challenges -- IV. Key Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4. Toward a More Efficient Tax Policy -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure and Trends in the Tax System -- III. The Three Main Problems: Exemptions, Business Informality and Tax Evasion, and Constantly Changing Rules -- IV. Current Tax Policies and Some Policy Options -- V. Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Annex 1. Principal Changes in Tax Legislation over the Past 10 Years -- Annex 2. Estimated Fiscal Impact of the Principal Tax Law Changes, 1997-2000 -- Annex 3. Estimated Fiscal Impact of the Principal Tax Measures, 2001-05 -- Chapter 5. Fiscal Sustainability and Debt Management -- I. Background -- II. Debt Sustainability -- III. Debt Management and Debt Market Development, 2000-05 -- Annex I. International Comparisons: Tables and Graphs.

Annex II. Analytical Framework for Fiscal Sustainability -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6. Infrastructure Concessions: Moving Forward -- I. Main Infrastructure Sector Issues -- II. Infrastructure Needs and Impact on Poverty and Growth -- III. Moving Forward -- Bibliography -- GROWTH AND COMPETITIVENESS -- Chapter 7. Access to Financial Services: Setting the Basis for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth -- I. Current Status -- II. Future Challenges -- III. Key Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Annex -- Chapter 8. Trade and Competitiveness in Peru -- I. Recent Performance and Challenges for Trade and Competitiveness -- II. Key Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9. Toward Agricultural Competitiveness and Rural Social Equity -- I. Background -- II. Conditions: Foundations for a Policy of Equitable Agricultural Development -- III. Options: Competitiveness and Social Equity -- Bibliography -- Chapter 10. Territorial Development -- I. Introduction -- II. The Context -- III. Progress in the Territorial Approach -- IV. Creation of the Mechanism to Support Territorial Development -- V. Some Steps for Implementation -- Bibliography -- INFRASTRUCTURE -- Chapter 11. Urban Transportation -- I. Transportation Problems in Lima -- II. Recent Initiatives -- III. Regional Reform Trends in the Sector -- IV. Policy Options and Recommendations -- V. Problems and Outlooks in Other Urban Centers of Peru -- Bibliography -- Chapter 12. Rural Infrastructure -- I. Key Problems -- II. Options for a Rural Infrastructure Policy and Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 13. Electricity Sector -- I. Introduction -- II. Main Issues and Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 14. Potable Water and Sanitation -- I. Introduction -- II. Principal Challenges for the Sector -- III. Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 15. Housing -- I. Background.

II. Recent Policies -- III. Recommendations -- Bibliography -- NATURAL RESOURCES -- Chapter 16. Natural Resources and Development -- I. Background -- II. Biological Diversity -- III. Conserving Biodiversity through Natural Protected Areas -- IV. Forestry -- V. Soil Degradation -- Bibliography -- Chapter 17. Oil and Gas Sector -- I. Background -- II. Upstream Investments and Oil Production -- III. Refining and Distribution of Petroleum Products -- IV. The Gas Industry -- V. Environmental and Social Impacts -- VI. Overall Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 18. Water Resources -- I. Overview -- II. Water Resources Challenges and Possible Solutions -- III. Recommendations -- Chapter 19. Increasing the Benefits from the Fisheries Sector through Policy Reform -- I. Introduction -- II. Background -- III. Specific Problems -- IV. The Future -- V. Policy Recommendations -- Annex -- References -- Chapter 20. Mining: The Challenge of Sustainability -- I. The Importance of Mining -- II. Challenges and Potential Impediments to Growth -- III. Mining Environmental Legacies -- Bibliography -- ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES -- Chapter 21. Setting Environmental Priorities in Peru -- I. Background -- II. Setting Priorities from the Cost of Environmental Degradation -- III. Tackling Environmental Priorities -- IV. Institutional Analysis -- V. Policy Options -- Bibliography -- Chapter 22. Environmental Degradation and Environmental Health Policy in Peru -- I. Introduction -- II. Diagnosis of Factors and Recommendations -- III. Conclusions and Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Part III A New Social Contract -- GENERAL WELLBEING -- Chapter 23. Poverty, Inequality, and Inclusion -- I. Poverty and Inequality Update and Trends, 2001-04 -- II. Poverty Profile -- III. Poverty Dynamics -- IV. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Annex I. Statistical Tables.

Annex II. Measuring the Size and Living Standards of the Indigenous Population -- Chapter 24. Property Rights and Land Tenancy -- I. Property Rights and Land Ownership: Contribution to Economic and Social Development -- II. Background -- III. Current Property Rights and Land Tenancy Problems -- IV. Conclusions and Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Annex 1. Urban Property Rights Project -- Annex 2. Organization Chart of National and Local Institutions associated with Property Rights in Peru -- Annex 3. Institutions that Handle Information on Property Rights in Peru -- Chapter 25. Youth -- I. Introduction -- II. The Situation of Youth -- III. Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Annex -- SOCIAL SECTORS -- Chapter 26. The Power of Growth to Build a Prosperous Society -- I. The Current Situation -- II. The Role of Spending -- III. Two Special Problems: Desertion and Bilingual Education -- IV. Many Peruvians Know What to Do, But the System Still Doesn't -- V. Decentralization's Challenges and Opportunities -- VI. Policy Recommendations -- VII. Short-Term Priorities -- VIII. Summary of Priorities -- Bibliography -- Chapter 27. Tertiary Education -- I. Introduction -- II. Expansion and Diversification -- III. Financing of Tertiary Education -- IV. Equitable Access to Tertiary Education -- V. Quality and Relevance -- VI. Efficiency -- VII. Linkages and Articulation -- VIII. University Research -- IX. Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 28. Health Outcomes and Public Health Sector Performance -- I. Introduction -- II. Background and Context -- III. Innovations and Challenges in the Management and Financing of Health Care -- IV. Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 29. The Social Safety Net -- I. Sector Background: The Social Safety Net Sector -- II. Key Issues in the Social Safety Net Sector.

III. Future Prospects: Constraints and Opportunities in Reforming the SSN Sector -- IV. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 30. Human Resources in Public Health and Education in Peru -- I. Low-Level Equilibrium -- II. Antipoor Bias -- III. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 31. The Pension System -- I. Background, Context, Diagnosis -- II. The Future -- III. Policies -- Bibliography -- Part IV A State to Be Proud of -- MODERNIZATION OF THE STATE -- Chapter 32. Decentralization -- I. Background -- II. Challenges -- III. Policy Options -- Bibliography -- Chapter 33. E-Government -- I. Trends and the Current Situation -- II. Peru in the International Context -- III. The Risks of Nonimplementation -- IV. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 34. Justice -- I. Introduction -- II. Composition of the Justice Sector -- III. Barriers in Access to Justice: Diagnostics and Issues for the Sector -- IV. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- ACCESS TO WELLBEING -- Chapter 35. Crime and Violence -- I. Diagnostic -- II. Players and Policies -- III. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Chapter 36. Voice and Participation -- I. Introduction -- II. Communications Channels and Participation -- III. Functionality of Voice Mechanisms -- IV. A Look Towards the Future: Trends and Recommendations -- Bibliography.

For the first time in the republican history of Peru, the presidential transition takes place in democracy, social peace, fast economic growth and favorable world markets. In other words, there has never been a better chance to build a different Peru - a richer country, more equal and governable. There are multiple ways to achieve that goal. New reforms must stem from a widespread and participatory debate, one of a common vision conceived for and by Peruvians. This book aims at making a technical and independent contribution to such debate; it summarizes the knowledge available about the challenges to be faced by the new administration. The study does not recommend silver bullets, but suggests policy options. It is based on the analysis of the current reality and in six decades of relationships with Peru, in which the Bank has implemented more than 100 projects and prepared more than 500 technical reports covering the wide range of development topics. When necessary, the study provides lessons that the Bank has learned elsewhere. The study provides a conceptual framework to the analysis of the country's 34 economic sectors and the two historical perspectives behind them. In doing so, it offers a comprehensive reform agenda that sheds light on possible priorities and courses of action.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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