Cover -- Contents -- Foreword by Robert Gallo -- Foreword by Ronald Glaser and Marshall Williams -- Preface -- Part I: General Virology -- Discovery and Classification of Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) -- Discovery -- Nomenclature and classification -- References -- Ultrastructure and Assembly of Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) -- Introduction -- Herpesvirus-6 assembly and maturation -- Three-dimensional structure of HHV-6 capsid -- Comparision of the HHV-6 cappsid structure with those of other human herpesviruses -- Conclusion -- References -- HHV-6 Genome: Similar and Different -- Genome classification and biology -- Genomes, cellular tropism and laboratory culture -- Genome structure and repetitive sequence -- Genome rearrangements and relationship to other herpesviruses -- Genome composition and general molecular biology -- Herpesvirus conserved and HHV-6-specific genes -- Genomes and HHV-6 strains -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Proteins of HHV-6 -- Introduction -- IE proteins -- U16/U17 -- U53, proteinase -- U69, kinase -- Cellular homologues -- U94, AAV-2 rep homologue -- Envelope glycoproteins -- U39, gB -- U48 and U82, gH and gL -- U100, gQ -- U47, gO -- U11 -- U14 -- U27 -- Perspective -- References -- Biological Features of HHV-6 -- Introduction -- HHV-6 cellular receptor -- Species specificity -- Cellular tropism of HHV-6 -- Target cells in vitro -- Cellular and tissue host range in vivo -- Biological effects of HHV-6 on the host cell -- Cytopathic effects -- Latent infection -- Cellular transformation -- Immune modulation -- Human lymphoid tissue ex vivo: a new model for the study of HHV-6 pathogenesis -- Dysregulation of complement activation -- References -- Part II: Diagnosis and Epidemiology -- Strain Variants of HHV-6 -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Molecular biology -- Biological aspects of variants A and B.

Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to HHV-6 variants A and B -- Disease associations of HHV-6A and -6B variants -- Roseola infantum -- CNS disease -- Epilepsy and HHV-6B -- Transplantation and HHV-6 variants -- HHV-6 (variants A and B) and multiple sclerosis -- HHV-6A and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Serologic Testing for Acute and Chronic Infection -- Introduction -- Serologic assays -- Techniques -- Immunofluorescence assays -- Enzyme immunoassays -- Neutralization assays -- HHV-6 antigens involved in serologic testing -- Characterization of HHV-6-specific antibodies -- Serologic findings -- Seroprevalence studies -- Primary infection -- Latent infection and reactivations -- Central nervous system diseases -- Pending questions and perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Molecular Testing for HHV-6 Infection -- Introduction -- Primary infection: characteristics and diagnostic considerations -- PCR analysis of cell-free body fluids -- Reverse transcription PCR analysis -- Quantitative PCR analysis of HHV-6 DNA in PBMC or blood -- Detection of virus variants -- Other assay approaches -- Future assay methods -- PCR-based assays: general considerations and molecular underpinnings -- Commercially available tests -- General considerations for current molecular assays -- References -- Epidemiology of HHV6 -- The epidemiology of roseola from historical observations -- Seroepidemiologic studies of HHV6 infection -- Acquisition of HHV6 infection during childhood -- Acquisition of HHV6 infection according to variant -- Factors affecting acquisition of HHV6 infection -- Mode of transmission -- Postnatal infection -- Congenital infection -- Incubation period -- Summary -- References -- Part III: Clinical Pathology -- Pathologic Features of HHV-6 Disease -- Introduction.

Cell and tissue tropism and strain differences -- General cellular pathology of HHV-6 infection -- Primary infection -- Reactivation and endogenous reinfection -- Lymphatic and hematopoietic system (see also chapters 14 and 15) -- Central nervous system (see also chapter 16) -- Cardiovascular system (see also chapter 17) -- Other organs and tissues (see also chapters 13 and 18) -- Conclusions -- References -- Systemic Reactions to HHV-6 Infection -- Introduction -- From the anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome to the DRESS -- Clinical spectrum and systemic manifestations -- DRESS and HHV-6: the first reports -- HHV-6 reactivation in DRESS: ''innocent bystander'' or causal agent of systemic symptoms -- HHV-6: a helper virus for other herpesviruses in DRESS? -- Pathophysiology of HHV-6 reactivation in DRESS -- Therapeutic implications -- Conclusion -- References -- HHV-6 and the Integument -- Introduction -- Exanthem subitum -- Skin rash and HHV-6 reactivation in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient -- Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome and HHV-6 -- Pityriasis rosea and HHV-6 -- Pathogenesis of skin manifestations due to HHV-6 infection -- References -- HHV-6 and the Respiratory System -- Introduction -- Primary HHV-6 infection and the respiratory tract -- Clinical features of primary HHV-6 infection in children -- Pharynx, tonsils, eyes and ears -- Upper respiratory tract -- Lower respiratory tract -- Non-primary HHV-6 infection and the respiratory tract -- Interstitial pneumonia in not overtly immunocompromised persons -- Pneumonitis in immunosuppressed patients -- Resume -- Acknowledgment -- References -- HHV-6 and the Lympho-Hematopoietic System -- Introduction -- In vitro data -- Evolution of techniques used and evolution of findings -- HHV-6 infection can induce atypical lymphoproliferations.

The main LD associated with HHV-6, in immunocompetent subjects, is probably HD -- Characteristics of HHV-6 found in lymph nodes -- Viral quantification -- HHV-6B is more often detected than HHV-6A -- HHV-6 is found essentially in scleronodular HD in young adults -- HHV-6 may be associated with EBV -- HHV-6 is present in different cell types and also in RS cells -- HHV-6 can also be detected in other lymphoproliferative diseases -- NHL in immunocompetent subjects -- B-cell lymphomas -- T-cell lymphomas -- Cerebral lymphomas and lymphomas with a predilection for the nervous system -- Lymphomas in SS patients -- HHV-6-associated lymphomas in immunocompromised individuals -- Post-transplant LD -- AIDS-related LD -- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia -- Different mechanisms have been proposed for HHV-6 in lymphoproliferative diseases -- HHV-6 exhibits transforming capacities -- HHV-6 retains p53 within the cytoplasm -- HHV-6 can transactivate genes -- Transactivation of human genes -- Transactivation of viral genes -- EBV transactivation -- HHV-8 transactivation -- HHV-6 has the ability to integrate into host cell chromosomal DNA -- HHV-6 may exert a role in cell proliferation by dysregulation of cytokine network -- Conclusion -- References -- Human Herpesvirus-6 and the Cellular Immune System -- Introduction -- Isolation history: association with immunodeficiency disorders -- Subversion of the immune system -- In -- vitro studies: Th1 to Th2 switch -- Reactivation: transplantation -- Solid organ transplant -- Bone marrow transplant -- Current immunological tools -- Disease associations between HHV-6 infection and multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome -- Method: rapid immune function assay -- Results: comparing healthy adults, stable transplant patients, HIV-infected patients, and CFS patients -- Discussion and conclusions.

References -- HHV-6 and the Central Nervous System -- HHV-6 infection of the central nervous system -- HHV-6 in seizure disorders -- The association of HHV-6 with MS -- HHV-6 and PML -- Acknowledgments -- References -- HHV-6 and the Cardiovascular System -- Introduction -- Case report -- Discussion -- References -- HHV-6 in Cardiovascular Pathology -- Introduction -- Diseases of blood vessels -- Diseases of the heart -- Conclusions -- References -- HHV-6, the Liver and the Gastrointestinal Tract -- Introduction -- HHV-6 and hepatitis -- HHV-6 association with other liver disease -- Pathogenesis of HHV-6-associated hepatitis -- HHV-6 and gastrointestinal tract -- References -- HHV-6 in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome -- Chronic fatigue syndrome -- Immune dysfunction -- Viral implication -- Proposed pathogenic model of CFS -- Identifying subsets among the CFS population -- HHV-6 association with CFS -- HHV-6 in CNS of CFS patients -- HHV-6 therapy in CFS patients -- Immunomodulatory therapy for HHV-6 in CFS patients -- HHV-6 diagnostic testing in CFS patients -- Future research -- Summary -- References -- HHV-6 and HIV-1 Infection -- Introduction -- In vitro interactions between HHV-6 and HIV-1 -- Productive coinfection of CD4+ T cells by HHV-6 and HIV-1 -- HIV-1 LTR transactivation by HHV-6 -- Effects of HIV-1 on HHV-6 replication -- Direct virion- virion interactions -- De nova induction of CD4 expression -- Induction of inflammatory cytokines that modulate HIV replication -- Mechanisms of direct immunological damage by HHV-6 -- In vivo studies of HHV-6 infection in HIV-1 disease -- HHV-6 as an opportunistic agent in AIDS -- Correlation between HHV-6 replication and HIV-1 disease progression -- Experimental coinfection models ex vivo and in vivo.

Coinfection studies in structurally intact human lymphoid tissue ex vivo: does HHV-6 favor the phenotypic switch of HIV-1?.

The present book presents a comprehensive review of Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infects up to 90% of the world's population and can cause potentially life-threatening diseases. Clinicians typically do not search for HHV-6, and if they do, they will find only few laboratories providing the necessary diagnostic tests that can differentiate between active and latent infection. Adding to this problem is that scientists still disagree about whether serological or molecular assays will be the best diagnostic test, yet there is no disagreement about the inadequacy of many of the currently existing assays. Consequently, our knowledge of etiology and pathogenesis of HHV-6 associated diseases can only come from the combined efforts of clinicians, virologists, molecular biologists and pathologists. It is the prime task of this book to summarize the status quo of HHV-6 research and to further stimulate such a collaboration. It will be a valuable reference for both clinical and basic scientists including epidemiologists, virologists, practicing clinicians and infectiologists, pathologists and essentially all scientists entering the field of herpes virus research.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.