Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Figures and Tables -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- What Is to Be Explained? -- Mechanisms -- Restating the Central Question -- Community -- Basic Definition and General Features of Community -- Mechanisms of Strong Community -- Community Structure -- The Community as the Key Level of Analysis -- Assessing the Theory: The Comparative Method -- Outline -- Comparative Analyses -- 2. Mechanisms and Process -- From Neutrality to Widespread, Unarmed, and Unorganized Resistance -- Resentment Formation -- Transforming Resentment into Action: The Relevance of Symbols and the Focal-Point Mechanism -- Status Rewards -- The Strategic Context of Movement from 0 to +1 -- Concluding Comments -- The Development of Community-Based Organization -- Knowing the Distribution of Thresholds -- Factors Affecting Threshold Levels -- The General Effects of Strong Community -- Specific Effects of Community Structure: The Role of Norms -- The Structural Characteristics of Community and Their Effect on Rebellion -- Solidarity I: Density -- The Position of "First Actors" and Political Entrepreneurs -- Centralization -- Size Factors -- Solidarity II: Homogeneity/Heterogeneity -- Summing Up -- Sustaining Mechanisms: Remaining at the +2 Position -- Threats -- Irrational Mechanisms -- Other Mechanisms -- Concluding Remark -- 3. Lithuania, 1940-1941 -- From 0 to +1 in Lithuania under the First Soviet Occupation -- Historical Background -- Lithuania in the Late 1930s -- The First Soviet Occupation, 1940-1941 -- Explaining the Rapid Movement to Passive Resistance -- Changes in Status Hierarchy and the Formation of Resistance -- The First Forms of Resistance -- Focal Points and Status -- Threshold Behavior and the Interaction of Mechanisms -- From +1 to +2 during the First Soviet Occupation.

Political Groups in Lithuania -- Economic Groups -- Social Groups -- Dynamics of Rebellion in a Lithuanian Village -- Summary of Svainikai Village: Linking Theory and Substance -- Negative Cases: Communities That Failed to Organize -- A Brief Comparison with Latvia and Estonia -- A Brief Comparison with Lithuanian Jews -- Summing Up -- 4. Rebellion in an Urban Community: The Role of Leadership and Centralization -- Crucial Characteristics of Leadership -- The Ateitininkai, the Grandis Fraternity, and the Broader Catholic Networks -- The Backgrounds of Two Leaders -- Events Shortly after Soviet Annexation -- The Berlin Connection -- Cat and Mouse -- Revolt -- Linking Substance and Theory -- Conclusions -- 5. The German Occupation of Lithuania -- Collaboration and Resistance during the German Occupation -- Collaboration -- Resistance -- Explaining the Lack of Resistance -- Resentment Formation -- Focal-Point Mechanisms -- Elite Strategy -- Collaboration and the Question of SS Recruitment -- Threshold Mechanisms -- Concluding Points -- 6. Postwar Lithuania -- Five Cases from the Merkine Region (M1-M5) -- M1 and the Village of Kasciunai (+2) -- Linking Theory and Substance -- Sustaining Mechanisms -- The 1940-1941 and the Postwar Occupations -- M2 and the Istrebiteli in Merkine (-2) -- M3 and Mobile Partisans (+3) -- M4 and Neutrals (0) -- M5 and the Village of Samuniskiu -- Five Cases from Samogitia (S1-S5): The +1 Position -- Neutrals -- A Balancing Act: +1 Cases -- Summary of Other Postwar Data -- Sustaining Mechanisms -- Concluding Comments and Comparisons -- 7. More Cases, More Comparisons -- Postwar Latvia and Estonia -- Variation in Postwar Ukraine: Differences between Galicia and Volhynia -- The Backgrounds of Galicia and Volhynia -- Resentment and Focal Points -- The Second Soviet Occupation.

The Strategies of Competing Occupiers: Ukraine and Belorussia -- Regions Contested by Both Germans and Soviet Partisans -- Weak Community -- Ethnic Hierarchy and the Lack of Resentment -- Soviet and German Pacification Strategies -- Germans and Soviets in World War II Ukraine and Belorussia -- Rebellion in Segmentary Societies: Montenegro during Wartime -- Conclusions -- 8. Resistance in the Perestroika Period -- The Effects of Modernization and Communist Rule -- Mechanisms -- Thresholds -- Protest as a Combination of Multiple-Assurance Games: A Model -- Czechoslovakia, Fall 1989 -- "De-Assurrance" among Regime Groups -- Explaining Variation: Some Theory and Another Example -- Lithuania: August 1987-August 1988 -- The German Democratic Republic -- Conclusions -- 9. Fanatics and First Actors -- Vilnius, January 1991 -- Mechanisms -- Rational Calculation -- Personality-Based Mechanisms -- Participation-Based Mechanisms -- Participation in a Paradigmatic Event: "The Small Risk of Martyrdom" or "Pseudomartyrdom" -- Returning to Lithuania -- Operation of a "Pseudomartyrdom" Mechanism -- Two Concluding Points -- Relationship to Various Social Science Approaches -- A Theory of Fanatical Action? -- 10. Conclusions -- Resentment Formation -- Focal Mechanisms -- Status Reward Mechanisms -- Norms -- Threshold Mechanisms -- Resistance and Rebellion in One Small Nation -- Bibliography -- Index.

This book explains how ordinary people become involved in resistance and rebellion against powerful regimes.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.