Cover -- Title -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Plates -- List of Figures -- List of Boxes -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations -- INTRODUCTION -- PART I: PLANNING AND GOVERNMENT -- 1 THE NATURE OF PLANNING -- The Character of Planning -- Planning Theory and Rationality -- The Practice of Planning -- Sectoral and Comprehensive Planning -- Interest Groups -- Local Interest Groups -- Advocacy Planning -- Planning vs. Implementation -- Incrementalism -- Local vs. Central Control -- Underlying Attitudes to Land and Property -- Private and Public Planning Processes -- The Elements of the Planning Process -- 2 URBANIZATION -- A Culture of Mobility -- Three Centuries of Urban Growth -- Town Development -- Transportation for Commuters -- Public Policies and Suburbanization -- Decentralization -- Current Trends -- The Role of Government in Urbanization -- 3 GOVERNING AND PLANNING URBAN AREAS -- Basic Needs for Government -- Privatism -- The Growth of Public Powers -- Machine Politics -- The Reform Movement -- Parks -- The City Beautiful -- Municipal Reform -- Reform and the Planning Function -- The Gridiron Plan -- City Planning as an Exact Science -- Regional Planning -- PART II: LAND USE REGULATION -- 4 THE EVOLUTION OF ZONING -- The Need for Property Protection -- Early Land Use Controls -- Immigration and Urbanization -- The Movement for Planning -- The New York City Zoning Ordinance of 1916 -- The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act -- The Euclid Case -- The Narrowness of Zoning -- 5 THE INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK -- Planning and Zoning -- Zoning as a Local Matter -- The Local Managers of Zoning -- The Constitutional Framework -- The Role of the Courts -- Subdivision Controls -- 6 THE TECHNIQUES OF ZONING -- The Traditional Techniques of Zoning -- The Single Family Zone: What is a Family? -- Group Homes.

The Single Family House: Should there be a Minimum Size? -- Large Lot Zoning: Maintaining Community Character -- Apartments and Mobile Homes -- Conditional Uses -- Variances -- Spot Zoning -- Downzoning -- Contract Zoning and Site Plan Review -- Cluster Zoning and Planned Unit Development -- Non-conforming Uses -- Zoning Amendments -- Special District Zoning -- Conclusion -- 7 DEVELOPMENT CHARGES -- Paying for the Costs of Development -- Impact Fees -- The Rational Nexus -- The Incidence of Charges -- Existing vs. New Home Owners -- Linkages -- Incentive Zoning in New York -- The Negotiation Syndrome -- The Dangers of Bonusing -- Purposes of Bonusing -- In Conclusion -- PART III: QUALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT -- 8 AESTHETICS -- Regulating Aesthetics -- Billboards -- Rural Signs -- Urban Signs -- Architectural Design Review -- 9 HISTORIC PRESERVATION -- Preservation and Profit -- The Early Days of Heritage Preservation -- With Heritage So Rich and Subsequent Legislation -- The National Register of Historic Places -- Statewide Comprehensive Historic Preservation Planning -- Highways and Historic Preservation -- The National Environmental Policy Act -- Economics of Historic Preservation -- State and Local Programs -- Historic Preservation and Tourism -- The Widening Scope of Historic Preservation -- PART IV: GROWTH MANAGEMENT -- 10 GROWTH MANAGEMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT -- Attitudes to Growth -- The Ramapo Growth Control Program -- The Petaluma Quota Plan -- Other Growth Control Programs -- Growth Management and Infrastructure -- Initiatives in Boulder -- Safeguarding Agricultural Land -- Conclusion -- 11 URBAN GROWTH MANAGEMENT AND THE STATES -- Urban Growth Problems -- Hawaii -- Oregon -- Vermont -- Florida -- California -- New Jersey -- Conclusion -- PART V: DEVELOPMENT ISSUES -- 12 TRANSPORTATION -- The Centrality of Transportation.

The Arithmetic of Transportation -- Telecommuting -- Suburbanization and Transportation -- Traffic Restraint Through Land Use Planning -- Designing Suburban Centers for Transit -- Increasing the Supply of Road Space -- Downs' Principle of 'Triple Convergence' -- Transport Demand Management -- Parking Policies -- TDM Programs -- Congestion Charges -- Congestion Charging and Equity -- The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 1991 -- Conclusions and Uncertainties -- 13 HOUSING -- The Complex of Housing -- Housing Market Theories -- Low-income Housing -- Public Housing and Urban Renewal -- Alternatives to Public Housing -- Housing Subsidies -- Affordable Housing and Growth Management -- Regional Housing Needs: The Case of Mount Laurel -- The New Jersey Fair Housing Act -- Housing Measures in Other States -- The Federal Fair Housing Act -- Inclusionary Zoning -- Conclusion -- 14 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -- Changing Perspectives -- The War on Poverty -- The Model Cities Program -- The New Federalism -- Community Development Block Grants -- Carter's New Partnership -- National Agenda for the 1980s: Urban America -- The Reagan Years -- Economic Development Policies -- Enterprise Zones -- Community Development -- Support for Social Change -- PART VI: ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING -- 15 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES -- Environmental Concerns -- Environmental Awareness -- The First Earth Day -- The Reagan Years -- The National Environmental Protection Act -- Environmental Control of Federal Programs -- Federal Organization for NEPA -- The Environmental Review Process -- Clean Air -- Technics and Politics -- Early Clean Air Policies -- Pollution and Economic Development -- The Structure of Clean Air Controls -- Acid Rain -- Ozone -- State Implementation Plans -- Areas of Severe Pollution -- Vehicle Emissions -- The 1990 Act and its Future -- Clean Water.

The Succession of Professional Approaches -- Federal Water Policy -- Water Quality Standards -- Municipal Treatment Plants -- Non-point Pollution -- Groundwater Pollution -- Safe Drinking Water -- The Limits of the Regulatory Approach -- Waste -- The Nature of Waste -- Hazardous Waste -- Love Canal -- Superfund Legislation -- Liability and Compensation -- Toxic Substances and Pesticides -- Nuclear Waste -- 16 THE LIMITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY -- Introduction -- Technocratic Policy -- Values and Risks -- Perceptions of Risk -- Risk and Equity -- The Pollution Prevention Act 1990 -- Balancing Costs and Benefits -- Economic Analysis -- Economic Incentives in Environmental Regulation -- The Range of Economic Instruments -- Emissions Trading -- The Right to Know -- Public Participation -- The Progress of Environmental Policies -- CONCLUSION -- 17 CONCLUSION: SOME FINAL QUESTIONS -- Determining the Questions -- Property Rights-'Wise Use' -- Beyond Localism -- Local Acceptance of Unwanted Land Uses -- Unwanted Neighbors -- The Role for the States -- Public Participation and Public Confidence -- In Conclusion -- List of Main Cases -- References -- Index.

Planning in the USA is a comprehensive introduction to the policies, theory and practice of planning. outlining land use, urban planning and environmental protection policies, this fully illustrated book explains the nature of the planning process and the way in which policy issues are identified, defined and approached.Planning in the USA offers a detailed account of urbanization in the USA. Focussing on policies relating to land use, urban planning and environmental protection, Barry Cullingworth reveals the problematic nature and limitations of the planning process, the fallibility of experts, and difficulties facing policy-makers in their search for solutions.Coverage includes:Land Use Regulation Transport, Housing and Community Development Public Attitudes to Planning Property Rights Environmental Planning and PoliciesGrowth Management Planning and Governance Planning problems are seldom easily solved. Barry Cullingworth's Planning in the USA is an essential book for students and planners and all who are concerned with the nature of contemporary urban and environmental problems.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.