Guide to Load Analysis for Durability in Vehicle Engineering.

By: Johannesson, PContributor(s): Speckert, MMaterial type: TextTextSeries: Automotive SerPublisher: Somerset : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2013Copyright date: ©2014Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (458 pages)Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9781118700501Subject(s): Finite element method | Trucks -- Design and construction | Trucks -- DynamicsGenre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: Print version:: Guide to Load Analysis for Durability in Vehicle EngineeringDDC classification: 629.231 LOC classification: TL230 -- .G82 2014ebOnline resources: Click to View
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Series Editor's Preface -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Part I Overview -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Durability in Vehicle Engineering -- 1.2 Reliability, Variation and Robustness -- 1.3 Load Description for Trucks -- 1.4 Why Is Load Analysis Important? -- 1.5 The Structure of the Book -- Chapter 2 Loads for Durability -- 2.1 Fatigue and Load Analysis -- 2.1.1 Constant Amplitude Load -- 2.1.2 Block Load -- 2.1.3 Variable Amplitude Loading and Rainflow Cycles -- 2.1.4 Rainflow Matrix, Level Crossings and Load Spectrum -- 2.1.5 Other Kinds of Fatigue -- 2.2 Loads in View of Fatigue Design -- 2.2.1 Fatigue Life: Cumulative Damage -- 2.2.2 Fatigue Limit: Maximum Load -- 2.2.3 Sudden Failures: Maximum Load -- 2.2.4 Safety Critical Components -- 2.2.5 Design Concepts in Aerospace Applications -- 2.3 Loads in View of System Response -- 2.4 Loads in View of Variability -- 2.4.1 Different Types of Variability -- 2.4.2 Loads in Different Environments -- 2.5 Summary -- Part II Methods for Load Analysis -- Chapter 3 Basics of Load Analysis -- 3.1 Amplitude-based Methods -- 3.1.1 From Outer Loads to Local Loads -- 3.1.2 Pre-processing of Load Signals -- 3.1.3 Rainflow Cycle Counting -- 3.1.4 Range-pair Counting -- 3.1.5 Markov Counting -- 3.1.6 Range Counting -- 3.1.7 Level Crossing Counting -- 3.1.8 Interval Crossing Counting -- 3.1.9 Irregularity Factor -- 3.1.10 Peak Value Counting -- 3.1.11 Examples Comparing Counting Methods -- 3.1.12 Pseudo Damage and Equivalent Loads -- 3.1.13 Methods for Rotating Components -- 3.1.14 Recommendations and Work-flow -- 3.2 Frequency-based Methods -- 3.2.1 The PSD Function and the Periodogram -- 3.2.2 Estimating the Spectrum Based on the Periodogram -- 3.2.3 Spectrogram or Waterfall Diagram -- 3.2.4 Frequency-based System Analysis.
3.2.5 Extreme Response and Fatigue Damage Spectrum -- 3.2.6 Wavelet Analysis -- 3.2.7 Relation Between Amplitude and Frequency-based Methods -- 3.2.8 More Examples and Summary -- 3.3 Multi-input Loads -- 3.3.1 From Outer Loads to Local Loads -- 3.3.2 The RP Method -- 3.3.3 Plotting Pseudo Damage and Examples -- 3.3.4 Equivalent Multi-input Loads -- 3.3.5 Phase Plots and Correlation Matrices for Multi-input Loads -- 3.3.6 Multi-input Time at Level Counting -- 3.3.7 Biaxiality Plots -- 3.3.8 The Wang-Brown Multi-axial Cycle Counting Method -- 3.4 Summary -- Chapter 4 Load Editing and Generation of Time Signals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Essential Load Properties -- 4.1.2 Criteria for Equivalence -- 4.2 Data Inspections and Corrections -- 4.2.1 Examples and Inspection of Data -- 4.2.2 Detection and Correction -- 4.3 Load Editing in the Time Domain -- 4.3.1 Amplitude-based Editing of Time Signals -- 4.3.2 Frequency-based Editing of Time Signals -- 4.3.3 Amplitude-based Editing with Frequency Constraints -- 4.3.4 Editing of Time Signals: Summary -- 4.4 Load Editing in the Rainflow Domain -- 4.4.1 Re-scaling -- 4.4.2 Superposition -- 4.4.3 Extrapolation on Length or Test Duration -- 4.4.4 Extrapolation to Extreme Usage -- 4.4.5 Load Editing for 1D Counting Results -- 4.4.6 Summary, Hints and Recommendations -- 4.5 Generation of Time Signals -- 4.5.1 Amplitude- or Cycle-based Generation of Time Signals -- 4.5.2 Frequency-based Generation of Time Signals -- 4.6 Summary -- Chapter 5 Response of Mechanical Systems -- 5.1 General Description of Mechanical Systems -- 5.1.1 Multibody Models -- 5.1.2 Finite Element Models -- 5.2 Multibody Simulation (MBS) for Durability Applications or: from System Loads to Component Loads -- 5.2.1 An Illustrative Example -- 5.2.2 Some General Modelling Aspects -- 5.2.3 Flexible Bodies in Multibody Simulation.
5.2.4 Simulating the Suspension Model -- 5.3 Finite Element Models (FEM) for Durability Applications or: from Component Loads to Local Stress-strain Histories -- 5.3.1 Linear Static Load Cases and Quasi-static Superposition -- 5.3.2 Linear Dynamic Problems and Modal Superposition -- 5.3.3 From the Displacement Solution to Local Stresses and Strains -- 5.3.4 Summary of Local Stress-strain History Calculation -- 5.4 Invariant System Loads -- 5.4.1 Digital Road and Tyre Models -- 5.4.2 Back Calculation of Invariant Substitute Loads -- 5.4.3 An Example -- 5.5 Summary -- Chapter 6 Models for Random Loads -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Basics on Random Processes -- 6.2.1 Some Average Properties of Random Processes^* -- 6.3 Statistical Approach to Estimate Load Severity -- 6.3.1 The Extrapolation Method -- 6.3.2 Fitting Range-pairs Distribution -- 6.3.3 Semi-parametric Approach -- 6.4 The Monte Carlo Method -- 6.5 Expected Damage for Gaussian Loads -- 6.5.1 Stationary Gaussian Loads -- 6.5.2 Non-stationary Gaussian Loads with Constant Mean^* -- 6.6 Non-Gaussian Loads: the Role of Upcrossing Intensity -- 6.6.1 Bendat's Narrow Band Approximation -- 6.6.2 Generalization of Bendat's Approach* -- 6.6.3 Laplace Processes -- 6.7 The Coefficient of Variation for Damage -- 6.7.1 Splitting the Measured Signal into Parts -- 6.7.2 Short Signals -- 6.7.3 Gaussian Loads -- 6.7.4 Compound Poisson Processes: Roads with Pot Holes -- 6.8 Markov Loads -- 6.8.1 Markov Chains* -- 6.8.2 Discrete Markov Loads-Definition -- 6.8.3 Markov Chains of Turning Points -- 6.8.4 Switching Markov Chain Loads -- 6.8.5 Approximation of Expected Damage for Gaussian Loads -- 6.8.6 Intensity of Interval Upcrossings for Markov Loads^* -- 6.9 Summary -- Chapter 7 Load Variation and Reliability -- 7.1 Modelling of Variability in Loads.
7.1.1 The Sources of Load Variability: Statistical Populations -- 7.1.2 Controlled or Uncontrolled Variation -- 7.1.3 Model Errors -- 7.2 Reliability Assessment -- 7.2.1 The Statistical Model Complexity -- 7.2.2 The Physical Model Complexity -- 7.3 The Full Probabilistic Model -- 7.3.1 Monte Carlo Simulations -- 7.3.2 Accuracy of the Full Probabilistic Approach -- 7.4 The First-Moment Method -- 7.5 The Second-Moment Method -- 7.5.1 The Gauss Approximation Formula -- 7.6 The Fatigue Load-Strength Model -- 7.6.1 The Fatigue Load and Strength Variables -- 7.6.2 Reliability Indices -- 7.6.3 The Equivalent Load and Strength Variables -- 7.6.4 Determining Uncertainty Measures -- 7.6.5 The Uncertainty due to the Estimated Damage Exponent -- 7.6.6 The Uncertainty Measure of Strength -- 7.6.7 The Uncertainty Measure of Load -- 7.6.8 Use of the Reliability Index -- 7.6.9 Including an Extra Safety Factor -- 7.6.10 Reducing Uncertainties -- 7.7 Summary -- Chapter 8 Evaluation of Customer Loads -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Survey Sampling -- 8.2.1 Why Use Random Samples? -- 8.2.2 Simple Random Sample -- 8.2.3 Stratified Random Sample -- 8.2.4 Cluster Sample -- 8.2.5 Sampling with Unequal Probabilities -- 8.2.6 An Application -- 8.2.7 Simple Random Sampling in More Detail -- 8.2.8 Conclusion -- 8.3 Load Measurement Uncertainty -- 8.3.1 Precision in Load Severity -- 8.3.2 Pair-wise Analysis of Load Severity -- 8.3.3 Joint Analysis of Load Severity -- 8.4 Random Sampling of Customers -- 8.4.1 Customer Survey -- 8.4.2 Characterization of a Market -- 8.4.3 Simplified Model for a New Market -- 8.4.4 Comparison of Markets -- 8.5 Customer Usage and Load Environment -- 8.5.1 Model for Customer Usage -- 8.5.2 Load Environment Uncertainty -- 8.6 Vehicle-Independent Load Descriptions -- 8.7 Discussion and Summary -- Chapter 9 Derivation of Design Loads -- 9.1 Introduction.
9.1.1 Scalar Load Representations -- 9.1.2 Other Load Representations -- 9.1.3 Statistical Aspects -- 9.1.4 Structure of the Chapter -- 9.2 From Customer Usage Profiles to Design Targets -- 9.2.1 Customer Load Distribution and Design Load -- 9.2.2 Strength Distribution and Strength Requirement -- 9.2.3 Defining the Reliability Target -- 9.2.4 Partial Safety Factor for Load-Strength Modelling -- 9.2.5 Safety Factors for Design Loads -- 9.2.6 Summary and Remarks -- 9.3 Synthetic Load Models -- 9.4 Random Load Descriptions -- 9.4.1 Models for External Load Environment -- 9.4.2 Load Descriptions in Design -- 9.4.3 Load Description for Testing -- 9.5 Applying Reconstruction Methods -- 9.5.1 Rainflow Reconstruction -- 9.5.2 1D and Markov Reconstruction -- 9.5.3 Spectral Reconstruction -- 9.5.4 Multi-input Loads -- 9.6 Standardized Load Spectra -- 9.7 Proving Ground Loads -- 9.8 Optimized Combination of Test Track Events -- 9.8.1 Optimizing with Respect to Damage per Channel -- 9.8.2 An Instructive Example -- 9.8.3 Extensions* -- 9.8.4 Hints and Practical Aspects -- 9.9 Discussion and Summary -- Chapter 10 Verification of Systems and Components -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Principles of Verification -- 10.1.2 Test for Continuous Improvements vs. Tests for Release -- 10.1.3 Specific Problems in Verification of Durability -- 10.1.4 Characterizing or Verification Tests -- 10.1.5 Verification on Different Levels -- 10.1.6 Physical vs. Numerical Evaluation -- 10.1.7 Summary -- 10.2 Generating Loads for Testing -- 10.2.1 Reliability Targets and Verification Loads -- 10.2.2 Generation of Time Signals based on Load Specifications -- 10.2.3 Acceleration of Tests -- 10.3 Planning and Evaluation of Tests -- 10.3.1 Choice of Strength Distribution and Variance -- 10.3.2 Parameter Estimation and Censored Data -- 10.3.3 Verification of Safety Factors.
10.3.4 Statistical Tests for Quantiles.
Summary: The overall goal of vehicle design is to make a robust and reliable product that meets the demands of the customers and this book treats the topic of analysing and describing customer loads with respect to durability. Guide to Load Analysis for Vehicle and Durability Engineering supplies a variety of methods for load analysis and also explains their proper use in view of the vehicle design process. In Part I, Overview, there are two chapters presenting the scope of the book as well as providing an introduction to the subject. Part II, Methods for Load Analysis, describes useful methods and indicates how and when they should be used. Part III, Load Analysis in view of the Vehicle Design Process, offers strategies for the evaluation of customer loads, in particular characterization of customer populations, which leads to the derivation of design loads, and finally to the verification of systems and components. Key features: Is a comprehensive collection of methods for load analysis, vehicle dynamics and statistics Combines standard load data analysis methods with statistical aspects on deriving test loads from surveys of customer usage Sets the methods used in the framework of system dynamics and response, and derives recommendations for the application of methods in engineering practice Presents a reliability design methodology based on statistical evaluation of component strength and customers loads Includes case studies and illustrative examples that translate the theory into engineering practice Developed in cooperation with six European truck manufacturers (DAF, Daimler, Iveco, MAN, Scania and Volvo) to meet the needs of industry, Guide to Load Analysis for Vehicle and Durability Engineering provides an understanding of the current methods in load analysis and will inspire the incorporation of new techniques in the design and testSummary: processes.
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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Series Editor's Preface -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Part I Overview -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Durability in Vehicle Engineering -- 1.2 Reliability, Variation and Robustness -- 1.3 Load Description for Trucks -- 1.4 Why Is Load Analysis Important? -- 1.5 The Structure of the Book -- Chapter 2 Loads for Durability -- 2.1 Fatigue and Load Analysis -- 2.1.1 Constant Amplitude Load -- 2.1.2 Block Load -- 2.1.3 Variable Amplitude Loading and Rainflow Cycles -- 2.1.4 Rainflow Matrix, Level Crossings and Load Spectrum -- 2.1.5 Other Kinds of Fatigue -- 2.2 Loads in View of Fatigue Design -- 2.2.1 Fatigue Life: Cumulative Damage -- 2.2.2 Fatigue Limit: Maximum Load -- 2.2.3 Sudden Failures: Maximum Load -- 2.2.4 Safety Critical Components -- 2.2.5 Design Concepts in Aerospace Applications -- 2.3 Loads in View of System Response -- 2.4 Loads in View of Variability -- 2.4.1 Different Types of Variability -- 2.4.2 Loads in Different Environments -- 2.5 Summary -- Part II Methods for Load Analysis -- Chapter 3 Basics of Load Analysis -- 3.1 Amplitude-based Methods -- 3.1.1 From Outer Loads to Local Loads -- 3.1.2 Pre-processing of Load Signals -- 3.1.3 Rainflow Cycle Counting -- 3.1.4 Range-pair Counting -- 3.1.5 Markov Counting -- 3.1.6 Range Counting -- 3.1.7 Level Crossing Counting -- 3.1.8 Interval Crossing Counting -- 3.1.9 Irregularity Factor -- 3.1.10 Peak Value Counting -- 3.1.11 Examples Comparing Counting Methods -- 3.1.12 Pseudo Damage and Equivalent Loads -- 3.1.13 Methods for Rotating Components -- 3.1.14 Recommendations and Work-flow -- 3.2 Frequency-based Methods -- 3.2.1 The PSD Function and the Periodogram -- 3.2.2 Estimating the Spectrum Based on the Periodogram -- 3.2.3 Spectrogram or Waterfall Diagram -- 3.2.4 Frequency-based System Analysis.

3.2.5 Extreme Response and Fatigue Damage Spectrum -- 3.2.6 Wavelet Analysis -- 3.2.7 Relation Between Amplitude and Frequency-based Methods -- 3.2.8 More Examples and Summary -- 3.3 Multi-input Loads -- 3.3.1 From Outer Loads to Local Loads -- 3.3.2 The RP Method -- 3.3.3 Plotting Pseudo Damage and Examples -- 3.3.4 Equivalent Multi-input Loads -- 3.3.5 Phase Plots and Correlation Matrices for Multi-input Loads -- 3.3.6 Multi-input Time at Level Counting -- 3.3.7 Biaxiality Plots -- 3.3.8 The Wang-Brown Multi-axial Cycle Counting Method -- 3.4 Summary -- Chapter 4 Load Editing and Generation of Time Signals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Essential Load Properties -- 4.1.2 Criteria for Equivalence -- 4.2 Data Inspections and Corrections -- 4.2.1 Examples and Inspection of Data -- 4.2.2 Detection and Correction -- 4.3 Load Editing in the Time Domain -- 4.3.1 Amplitude-based Editing of Time Signals -- 4.3.2 Frequency-based Editing of Time Signals -- 4.3.3 Amplitude-based Editing with Frequency Constraints -- 4.3.4 Editing of Time Signals: Summary -- 4.4 Load Editing in the Rainflow Domain -- 4.4.1 Re-scaling -- 4.4.2 Superposition -- 4.4.3 Extrapolation on Length or Test Duration -- 4.4.4 Extrapolation to Extreme Usage -- 4.4.5 Load Editing for 1D Counting Results -- 4.4.6 Summary, Hints and Recommendations -- 4.5 Generation of Time Signals -- 4.5.1 Amplitude- or Cycle-based Generation of Time Signals -- 4.5.2 Frequency-based Generation of Time Signals -- 4.6 Summary -- Chapter 5 Response of Mechanical Systems -- 5.1 General Description of Mechanical Systems -- 5.1.1 Multibody Models -- 5.1.2 Finite Element Models -- 5.2 Multibody Simulation (MBS) for Durability Applications or: from System Loads to Component Loads -- 5.2.1 An Illustrative Example -- 5.2.2 Some General Modelling Aspects -- 5.2.3 Flexible Bodies in Multibody Simulation.

5.2.4 Simulating the Suspension Model -- 5.3 Finite Element Models (FEM) for Durability Applications or: from Component Loads to Local Stress-strain Histories -- 5.3.1 Linear Static Load Cases and Quasi-static Superposition -- 5.3.2 Linear Dynamic Problems and Modal Superposition -- 5.3.3 From the Displacement Solution to Local Stresses and Strains -- 5.3.4 Summary of Local Stress-strain History Calculation -- 5.4 Invariant System Loads -- 5.4.1 Digital Road and Tyre Models -- 5.4.2 Back Calculation of Invariant Substitute Loads -- 5.4.3 An Example -- 5.5 Summary -- Chapter 6 Models for Random Loads -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Basics on Random Processes -- 6.2.1 Some Average Properties of Random Processes^* -- 6.3 Statistical Approach to Estimate Load Severity -- 6.3.1 The Extrapolation Method -- 6.3.2 Fitting Range-pairs Distribution -- 6.3.3 Semi-parametric Approach -- 6.4 The Monte Carlo Method -- 6.5 Expected Damage for Gaussian Loads -- 6.5.1 Stationary Gaussian Loads -- 6.5.2 Non-stationary Gaussian Loads with Constant Mean^* -- 6.6 Non-Gaussian Loads: the Role of Upcrossing Intensity -- 6.6.1 Bendat's Narrow Band Approximation -- 6.6.2 Generalization of Bendat's Approach* -- 6.6.3 Laplace Processes -- 6.7 The Coefficient of Variation for Damage -- 6.7.1 Splitting the Measured Signal into Parts -- 6.7.2 Short Signals -- 6.7.3 Gaussian Loads -- 6.7.4 Compound Poisson Processes: Roads with Pot Holes -- 6.8 Markov Loads -- 6.8.1 Markov Chains* -- 6.8.2 Discrete Markov Loads-Definition -- 6.8.3 Markov Chains of Turning Points -- 6.8.4 Switching Markov Chain Loads -- 6.8.5 Approximation of Expected Damage for Gaussian Loads -- 6.8.6 Intensity of Interval Upcrossings for Markov Loads^* -- 6.9 Summary -- Chapter 7 Load Variation and Reliability -- 7.1 Modelling of Variability in Loads.

7.1.1 The Sources of Load Variability: Statistical Populations -- 7.1.2 Controlled or Uncontrolled Variation -- 7.1.3 Model Errors -- 7.2 Reliability Assessment -- 7.2.1 The Statistical Model Complexity -- 7.2.2 The Physical Model Complexity -- 7.3 The Full Probabilistic Model -- 7.3.1 Monte Carlo Simulations -- 7.3.2 Accuracy of the Full Probabilistic Approach -- 7.4 The First-Moment Method -- 7.5 The Second-Moment Method -- 7.5.1 The Gauss Approximation Formula -- 7.6 The Fatigue Load-Strength Model -- 7.6.1 The Fatigue Load and Strength Variables -- 7.6.2 Reliability Indices -- 7.6.3 The Equivalent Load and Strength Variables -- 7.6.4 Determining Uncertainty Measures -- 7.6.5 The Uncertainty due to the Estimated Damage Exponent -- 7.6.6 The Uncertainty Measure of Strength -- 7.6.7 The Uncertainty Measure of Load -- 7.6.8 Use of the Reliability Index -- 7.6.9 Including an Extra Safety Factor -- 7.6.10 Reducing Uncertainties -- 7.7 Summary -- Chapter 8 Evaluation of Customer Loads -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Survey Sampling -- 8.2.1 Why Use Random Samples? -- 8.2.2 Simple Random Sample -- 8.2.3 Stratified Random Sample -- 8.2.4 Cluster Sample -- 8.2.5 Sampling with Unequal Probabilities -- 8.2.6 An Application -- 8.2.7 Simple Random Sampling in More Detail -- 8.2.8 Conclusion -- 8.3 Load Measurement Uncertainty -- 8.3.1 Precision in Load Severity -- 8.3.2 Pair-wise Analysis of Load Severity -- 8.3.3 Joint Analysis of Load Severity -- 8.4 Random Sampling of Customers -- 8.4.1 Customer Survey -- 8.4.2 Characterization of a Market -- 8.4.3 Simplified Model for a New Market -- 8.4.4 Comparison of Markets -- 8.5 Customer Usage and Load Environment -- 8.5.1 Model for Customer Usage -- 8.5.2 Load Environment Uncertainty -- 8.6 Vehicle-Independent Load Descriptions -- 8.7 Discussion and Summary -- Chapter 9 Derivation of Design Loads -- 9.1 Introduction.

9.1.1 Scalar Load Representations -- 9.1.2 Other Load Representations -- 9.1.3 Statistical Aspects -- 9.1.4 Structure of the Chapter -- 9.2 From Customer Usage Profiles to Design Targets -- 9.2.1 Customer Load Distribution and Design Load -- 9.2.2 Strength Distribution and Strength Requirement -- 9.2.3 Defining the Reliability Target -- 9.2.4 Partial Safety Factor for Load-Strength Modelling -- 9.2.5 Safety Factors for Design Loads -- 9.2.6 Summary and Remarks -- 9.3 Synthetic Load Models -- 9.4 Random Load Descriptions -- 9.4.1 Models for External Load Environment -- 9.4.2 Load Descriptions in Design -- 9.4.3 Load Description for Testing -- 9.5 Applying Reconstruction Methods -- 9.5.1 Rainflow Reconstruction -- 9.5.2 1D and Markov Reconstruction -- 9.5.3 Spectral Reconstruction -- 9.5.4 Multi-input Loads -- 9.6 Standardized Load Spectra -- 9.7 Proving Ground Loads -- 9.8 Optimized Combination of Test Track Events -- 9.8.1 Optimizing with Respect to Damage per Channel -- 9.8.2 An Instructive Example -- 9.8.3 Extensions* -- 9.8.4 Hints and Practical Aspects -- 9.9 Discussion and Summary -- Chapter 10 Verification of Systems and Components -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Principles of Verification -- 10.1.2 Test for Continuous Improvements vs. Tests for Release -- 10.1.3 Specific Problems in Verification of Durability -- 10.1.4 Characterizing or Verification Tests -- 10.1.5 Verification on Different Levels -- 10.1.6 Physical vs. Numerical Evaluation -- 10.1.7 Summary -- 10.2 Generating Loads for Testing -- 10.2.1 Reliability Targets and Verification Loads -- 10.2.2 Generation of Time Signals based on Load Specifications -- 10.2.3 Acceleration of Tests -- 10.3 Planning and Evaluation of Tests -- 10.3.1 Choice of Strength Distribution and Variance -- 10.3.2 Parameter Estimation and Censored Data -- 10.3.3 Verification of Safety Factors.

10.3.4 Statistical Tests for Quantiles.

The overall goal of vehicle design is to make a robust and reliable product that meets the demands of the customers and this book treats the topic of analysing and describing customer loads with respect to durability. Guide to Load Analysis for Vehicle and Durability Engineering supplies a variety of methods for load analysis and also explains their proper use in view of the vehicle design process. In Part I, Overview, there are two chapters presenting the scope of the book as well as providing an introduction to the subject. Part II, Methods for Load Analysis, describes useful methods and indicates how and when they should be used. Part III, Load Analysis in view of the Vehicle Design Process, offers strategies for the evaluation of customer loads, in particular characterization of customer populations, which leads to the derivation of design loads, and finally to the verification of systems and components. Key features: Is a comprehensive collection of methods for load analysis, vehicle dynamics and statistics Combines standard load data analysis methods with statistical aspects on deriving test loads from surveys of customer usage Sets the methods used in the framework of system dynamics and response, and derives recommendations for the application of methods in engineering practice Presents a reliability design methodology based on statistical evaluation of component strength and customers loads Includes case studies and illustrative examples that translate the theory into engineering practice Developed in cooperation with six European truck manufacturers (DAF, Daimler, Iveco, MAN, Scania and Volvo) to meet the needs of industry, Guide to Load Analysis for Vehicle and Durability Engineering provides an understanding of the current methods in load analysis and will inspire the incorporation of new techniques in the design and test

processes.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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