Intro -- A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Republic -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Notes on Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Preface -- Introduction -- Acknowledgments -- PART I Material Culture and Its Impact on Social Configuration -- Chapter 1 Development of Baths and Public Bathing during the Roman Republic -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bathing as Pleasure -- 3 Bathing as Luxury -- 4 Bathing and Ancient Medicine -- 5 Bathing Ritual and Activities -- 6 Ethical and Moral Concerns and Criticism of Roman Baths -- 7 Baths of the Greeks -- 8 Bathing in the Context of the Gymnasium -- 9 Italian Farm Bathing -- 10 Heating and Water Supply Systems -- 11 Sergius Orata and the Invention of the Hypocaust -- 12 Physical Evidence -- 13 Dissemination of the Row-Type Baths -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2 Public Entertainment Structures -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theaters -- 3 Amphitheaters -- 4 Circuses -- 5 Conclusions -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3 Republican Houses -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Where to Find the Republican Domus -- 3 The Layout of the Atrium House -- 4 Development of the Atrium House -- 5 Other Types of Housing -- 6 Spatial Syntax -- 7 Decoration -- 8 The View -- 9 Horti -- Further Reading -- Chapter 4 Tombs and Funerary Monuments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Situation before the Second Century -- 3 Roman and Italian Necropolises of the Second Century -- 4 Streetside Tombs in Late Republican and Early Augustan Times -- 5 Ostia -- 6 Northern and Eastern Italy -- 7 Etruria -- 8 Campania -- 9 Apulia -- 10 Central Italy -- 11 Picenum and Umbria -- Acknowledgments -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5 Before Sigillata: Black-Gloss Pottery and Its Cultural Dimensions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Production Techniques and Technological Choices -- 3 Shapes, Typologies and Chronologies -- 4 Black-Gloss Wares and Cultural History.

5 The Future Scope of Ceramic Culture in the Archaeology of the Roman Republic -- Further Reading -- Chapter 6 Amphoras and Shipwrecks: Wine from the Tyrrhenian Coast at the End of the Republic and Its Distribution in Gaul -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Italian Wines and the Vineyards of the Tyrrhenian Coast -- 3 What Can We Say about Shipwrecks? -- 4 Tyrrhenian Wine Consumption in Gaul -- 5 The Means of Distribution of Italian Wine in Gaul -- 6 The End of the Wine Trade from Italy -- Acknowledgments -- Further Reading -- Chapter 7 Coins and the Archaeology of the Roman Republic -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Coins in Excavated Strata -- 3 Coins and Chronology -- 4 Coins and Coin Use -- 5 Coins in Hoards -- 6 Case Study: The Introduction of the Iberian Denarius -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Further Reading -- Chapter 8 Weapons and the Army -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Archaeological Sources and Research -- 3 The Early Republican Army and Its Weapons -- 4 The Manipular Army and Its Weapons -- 5 The Late Republican Army and Its Weapons -- 6 Conclusion -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9 Bodies of Evidence: Skeletal Analysis in Roman Greece and Cyprus -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biological Anthropology in the Archaeological Context -- 3 Minimum Number of Individuals -- 4 Sex -- 5 Age -- 6 Stature -- 7 Dentition -- 8 Pathology -- 9 Conclusions -- Further Reading -- Chapter 10 Population and Demographic Studies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ancient Evidence, Comparative Data and Demographic Models -- 3 Population Structure and Population Size -- 4 Roman Italy's Population: The Census Figures -- 5 The Augustan Census Figures and Their Interpretation -- 6 The Implications of the Alternative Explanations of Augustan Census Figures -- 7 A Way Out of the Impasse? -- 8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Further Reading -- PART II Archaeology and the Landscape.

Chapter 11 Looking at Early Rome with Fresh Eyes: Transforming the Landscape -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Getting Down to the Bottom of Things -- 3 Three Misconceptions -- 4 Coring in the Velabrum -- 5 The Clay Beds in the Velabrum -- 6 Returning to the Aims of the Chapter -- 7 Adding the Third Dimension in Rome -- 8 Montaigne's Challenge -- 9 Landscape Transformations in Early Rome -- 10 On the Origins of the Forum -- 11 The Siting of the Temple of Jupiter -- Further Reading -- Chapter 12 Survey, Settlement and Land Use in Republican Italy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Field Survey: Methodological Problems -- 4 Settlement Development and Land Use: The Second Century -- 5 Conclusions -- Further Reading -- Chapter 13 Agriculture and the Environment of Republican Italy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Landscape and Environment -- 3 Farming in Italy -- 4 Agrarian Crisis -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Further Reading -- Chapter 14 No Holiday Camp: The Roman Republican Army Camp as a Fine-Tuned Instrument of War -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of Research into Republican Camps -- 3 The Form of Republican Camps -- 4 The Use of Camps -- 5 Creating the Camp -- 6 Camp Defenses -- 7 Entrances -- 8 Camp-Construction Training -- 9 The Archaeological Evidence -- Further Reading -- Chapter 15 Reconstructing Religious Ritual in Italy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Evidence from Visual Representations -- 3 Votive Material -- 4 Ritual Practice and Architectural Environments: The Sanctuary Phenomenon -- 5 Theaters -- 6 Summary -- Further Reading -- PART III Archaeology and Ancient Technology -- Chapter 16 The Orientation of Towns and Centuriation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Roman City Planning -- 3 Roman Agrimensores -- 4 Rural Planning as Centuriation -- 5 Roman Corinth -- 6 Conclusions -- Further Reading -- Chapter 17 Scientia in Republican Era Stone and Concrete Masonry.

1 Republican Era Construction Engineering -- 2 Geologic Foundations of Rome -- 3 Examples of Dimension Stone Masonry -- 4 Examples of Concrete Masonry -- 5 Historical Context of Construction Innovations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 18 Aqueducts and Water Supply -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Principles -- 3 Construction -- 4 Urban Distribution -- 5 The Four Republican Aqueducts of Rome -- 6 Conclusion -- Further Reading -- Chapter 19 Roads and Bridges -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Road Building in the Roman Republic -- 3 Agricultural Development, Road Building and Town Foundation: The Via Appia -- 4 The Extension of Rome's Hinterland: The Via Flaminia -- 5 Transhumance, Water Resources and Settlement: The Via Tiburtina -- 6 A Bridge and a Healing Sanctuary for Travelers -- 7 Road Building in the Provinces: The Via Egnatia and the Via Domitia -- 8 Movement and Space in the Roman Republic -- Further Reading -- Chapter 20 Villas and Agriculture in Republican Italy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Current State of Villa Scholarship -- 3 What Is the Republican Villa? -- 4 Early Rural Architecture in Central Italy -- 5 The "Early Villa" -- 6 Villas and the Middle Republic -- 7 Late Republican Villas -- 8 Villas and Agriculture -- 9 Conclusions -- Further Reading -- Chapter 21 Ports -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Fourth Century -- 3 The Third Century -- 4 The Second Century -- 5 The First Century -- Further Reading -- PART IV The Archaeology of Identity -- Chapter 22 Material Culture, Italic Identities and the Romanization of Italy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Terms of the Debate: De-centering Rome and Italic Identities -- 3 De-centering Rome -- 4 Cultural Interaction in Practice -- 5 Seizing Symbols of Power -- 6 Italic Identities: Beyond Ethnic Regionalism? -- 7 Archaeology and Ethnic Identity -- 8 Asserting Local Distinctiveness in New Forms.

9 Questioning Continuity: Roman Imperialism and Italic Identities -- Acknowledgments -- Further Reading -- Chapter 23 The Importance of Being Elite: The Archaeology of Identity in Etruria (500-200) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Etruscan Identity, Material Culture and Social Ritual -- 3 National, Ethnic and Civic Identities -- 4 Modern Mythologies of "-ization," Greek, Roman or Otherwise -- 5 Religious Identity -- 6 Metalwork as Material Production in the Fifth through Second Centuries -- 7 Funerary Sculpture, Gender and Family -- 8 Tomb Painting in the Fourth and Third Centuries -- 9 Conclusion -- Further Reading -- Chapter 24 Greeks, Lucanians and Romans at Poseidonia/Paestum (South Italy) -- 1 Background -- 2 The Poseidonia/Paestum Case Study -- 3 Greek Poseidonia -- 4 Lucanian Paestum -- 5 Aristoxenus on the "Barbarization" of Poseidonia -- 6 The Latin Colony in 273 -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- Further Reading -- Chapter 25 Central Apennine Italy: The Case of Samnium -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Region -- 3 Cemeteries, Sanctuaries and Settlements -- 4 Material Culture -- 5 Recent Trends and Open Questions: Landscape Archaeology and Daunian-Style Pottery -- 6 Conclusion: Conceptualizing Samnium -- Acknowledgments -- Further Reading -- Chapter 26 Early Rome and the Making of "Roman" Identity through Architecture and City Planning -- 1 The Foundation of Rome -- 2 The Location and Geology of Rome -- 3 Streams, Springs and Water Supply -- 4 Archaeological Chronology -- 5 Stray Finds -- 6 Walls and Gates -- 7 Roads and Bridges -- 8 Burials -- 9 Huts and Houses -- 10 Temples and Sacred Places -- 11 Votive Deposits -- 12 Public Spaces -- 13 Art Objects -- 14 Inscriptions -- 15 Questions of Chronology and Development of Society -- 16 The Early City -- 17 Creation and Growth of the City of Early Rome -- 18 Rome of the Romans -- 19 Conclusions -- Further Reading.

PART V The Archaeology of Empire during the Republic.

The role of archaeology has expanded over the past 30 years, and research now frequently overlaps with the work of ancient historians and classicists. A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Republic demonstrates how archaeological methods have been used to study the era of the Roman Republic, and the influences of non-Roman cultures on its formation. A collection of original essays by both emerging and established archaeologists with a wide range of nationalities and areas of interest, A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Republic reveals how differing approaches and methodologies contribute to an understanding of the Republic across the Mediterranean basin. Of interest both to archaeologists themselves, and to students of ancient history, art history and classics, it offers a diverse approach to a fascinating field.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.