Who Avoids and Who Escapes from Poverty during the Transition? (Record no. 20762)
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| fixed length control field | 04517cam a22005294a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER | |
| control field | 2218 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER | |
| control field | The World Bank |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | m d |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | cr cn||||||||| |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | 020129s1999 dcu i001 0 eng |
| 024 8# - OTHER STANDARD IDENTIFIER | |
| Standard number or code | 10.1596/1813-9450-2218 |
| 035 ## - SYSTEM CONTROL NUMBER | |
| System control number | (The World Bank)2218 |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Okrasa, Wlodzimierz |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Who Avoids and Who Escapes from Poverty during the Transition? |
| Medium | [electronic resource] : |
| Remainder of title | Evidence from Polish Panel Data, 1993 96 / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc | Okrasa, Wlodzimierz |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc | Washington, D.C., |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc | The World Bank, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc | 1999 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | 1 online resource (60 p.) |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc | November 1999 - There is a tendency toward chronic, long-term poverty in Poland. Most at risk: larger households, farm households, and households dependent on social welfare. Least at risk: households of employees or the self-employed, educated households, households headed by pensioners, households that are part of kinship networks, and households with liquid assets, durables, or access to financial resources. Among those who missed out on the benefits of the first phase of economic prosperity, children are overrepresented. Okrasa uses four-year panel data from Poland's Household Budget Survey to explore the distinction between transitory and long-term poverty, a crucial distinction in designing and evaluating poverty reduction strategies. Okrasa analyzes household welfare trajectories during the period 1993-96, to identify the long-term poor and to determine how relevant household asset endowments are as determinants of household poverty and vulnerability over time. He concludes that the chronically poor constitute a distinct and separate segment of the population, with low turnover. Among specific observations about factors that affect Poland's long-term poverty: Variables in human capital significantly affected the pattern of repeated poverty and vulnerability. Larger households tended to experience poverty and vulnerability, mostly because they contained more children or other dependents. Households with elderly members and those headed by older people, by women rather than men, and by educated people of either gender were least likely to be poor. Poverty was unaffected by the presence of a disabled person in the household; Households with liquid assets or durables, or with access to financial resources, were less likely to be poor and vulnerable. Households appeared to take advantage of credit and loans to maintain their current level of consumption rather than to augment their stock of assets; Households that were part of kinship networks were less at risk of falling into chronic poverty or vulnerability; Households headed by pensioners were least in danger of impoverishment. Those most in danger were farm households (including mixed households headed by workers with an agricultural holding) and households heavily dependent on social welfare; Households of employees were better off than self-employed households when income-based measures of poverty were used but not when consumption-based measures were used. Neither group was significantly vulnerable. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the dynamics of poverty and the effectiveness of the safety net. The author may be contacted at wokrasa@worldbank.org. |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Chronic Poverty |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Employment Income |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Farm Self-Employment |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Food Consumption |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Health, Nutrition and Population |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Household Budget |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Household Income |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Household Welfare |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Human Capital |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Human Development |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Idiosyncratic Shocks |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Income |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Income Inequality |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Measures |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Poor |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Population Policies |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Poverty |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Poverty Line |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Poverty Reduction |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Poverty Reduction Strategy |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Rural |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Rural Development |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Rural Poverty Reduction |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Services and Transfers to Poor |
| 650 #4 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Unemployment |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Okrasa, Wlodzimierz |
| 776 18 - ADDITIONAL PHYSICAL FORM ENTRY | |
| Main entry heading | Print version: |
| Display text | Okrasa, Wlodzimierz. |
| Title | Who Avoids and Who Escapes from Poverty during the Transition? |
| Place, publisher, and date of publication | Washington, D.C., The World Bank, 1999 |
| 830 #0 - SERIES ADDED ENTRY--UNIFORM TITLE | |
| Uniform title | Policy research working papers. |
| 830 #0 - SERIES ADDED ENTRY--UNIFORM TITLE | |
| Uniform title | World Bank e-Library. |
| 856 40 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/1813-9450-2218">http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/1813-9450-2218</a> |
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