Barbosa, Pedro.
Insect Outbreaks Revisited. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (493 pages)
Intro -- Insect Outbreaks Revisited -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- PART I PHYSIOLOGICAL AND LIFE HISTORY PERSPECTIVES -- 1 Insect Herbivore Outbreaks Viewed through a Physiological Framework: Insights from Orthoptera -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Which conditions favor the individual, and can lead to insect herbivore outbreaks? -- 1.3 The plant-stress paradigm -- 1.4 Insect herbivore outbreaks - where do we go from here? -- 2 The Dynamical Effects of Interactions between Inducible Plant Resistance and Food Limitation during Insect Outbreaks -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Inducible resistance and insect outbreaks -- 2.3 Food limitation and insect outbreaks -- 2.4 Interactive effects of inducible resistance and food limitation -- 2.5 A note on multiple drivers of outbreaks -- 2.6 Future directions -- 2.7 Concluding remarks -- 3 Immune Responses and Their Potential Role in Insect Outbreaks -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The insect immune response -- 3.3 Sources of variation in immune response associated with outbreaks -- 3.4 Traits or conditions associated with outbreak species -- 3.5 Hypotheses on insect outbreaks and the immune response -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 4 The Role of Ecological Stoichiometry in Outbreaks of Insect Herbivores -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Ecological and biological stoichiometry -- 4.3 Nutrient ratios and insect herbivory -- 4.4 The growth rate hypothesis and insect outbreaks -- 4.5 Variance in host plant stoichiometry and insect outbreaks -- 4.6 Outbreak population dynamics models incorporating stoichiometry -- 4.7 Impact of insect outbreaks on plant and environmental stoichiometry -- 4.8 Ecological stoichiometry and natural enemy regulation of outbreaks -- 4.9 Conclusions -- PART II POPULATION DYNAMICS AND MULTISPECIES INTERACTIONS -- 5 Plant-Induced Responses and Herbivore Population Dynamics. 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Direct induced resistance and herbivory -- 5.3 Plant tolerance and herbivory -- 5.4 Plant indirect resistance affecting arthropod community interactions -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 6 Spatial Synchrony of Insect Outbreaks -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Quantifying synchrony -- 6.3 Causes of spatial synchrony -- 6.4 The ubiquity of synchrony and its implications -- 7 What Tree-Ring Reconstruction Tells Us about Conifer Defoliator Outbreaks -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Methodological considerations -- 7.3 Reconstructions of outbreak histories -- 7.4 Conclusions -- 8 Insect-Associated Microorganisms and Their Possible Role in Outbreaks -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Microbial assemblages within Insects -- 8.3 Can microbial genetic contributions facilitate host insect outbreaks? -- 8.4 Symbiosis-facilitated insect outbreaks in new habitats -- 8.5 Microbial symbionts as modulators of pest population dynamics -- 8.6 Manipulating microbes to affect insect outbreaks -- PART III POPULATION, COMMUNITY, AND ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY -- 9 Life History Traits and Host Plant Use in Defoliators and Bark Beetles: Implications for Population Dynamics -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Theoretical advances -- 9.3 Case study 1: Macrolepidoptera -- 9.4 Case study 2: Diprionid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) -- 9.5 Case study 3: Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) -- 9.6 Discussion and conclusions -- 10 The Ecological Consequences of Insect Outbreaks -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Outbreaking insects as consumers: Does outbreak herbivory reduce plant growth? -- 10.3 Outbreaking insects as ecosystem engineers: How do insect outbreaks affect succession? -- 10.4 Outbreaking insects as competitors: Do insect outbreaks increase competition? -- 10.5 Outbreaking insects as resources: Do insect outbreaks increase resource availability? -- 10.6 Key themes and future directions. 10.7 Conclusions -- 11 Insect Outbreaks in Tropical Forests: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Consequences -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Defining, categorizing, and detecting tropical insect outbreaks -- 11.3 Outbreaks in managed systems have biotic linkages to intact forests and vice versa -- 11.4 What taxa are likely to outbreak, and which traits predispose species to outbreak? -- 11.5 Likelihood of outbreaks within a stand and across transitions from dry to wet forests -- 11.6 The consequences of outbreaks for plant communities and species coexistence -- 11.7 Global change, disturbance, and outbreaks -- 11.8 Critical hypotheses need to be tested: A guide for future research on outbreaks -- 11.9 Conclusions -- 12 Outbreaks and Ecosystem Services -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Effects on provisioning services -- 12.3 Effects on cultural services -- 12.4 Effects on supporting services -- 12.5 Effects on regulating services -- 12.6 Conclusions -- PART IV GENETICS AND EVOLUTION -- 13 Evidence for Outbreaks from the Fossil Record of Insect Herbivory -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 A broad operational definition of insect outbreaks in the fossil record -- 13.3 The curious case of the discovery, outbreaks, and extinction of the rocky mountain grasshopper -- 13.4 Insect outbreaks in shallow time: The holocene spruce budworm and eastern hemlock looper -- 13.5 Insect outbreaks in deep time: focused folivory from four fossil floras -- 13.6 The macroevolutionary significance of insect outbreaks -- 13.7 Summary and conclusions -- 14 Implications of Host-Associated Differentiation in the Control of Pest Species -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Host-associated differentiation in herbivorous insect pests -- 14.3 Host-associated differentiation in parasitoids -- 14.4 Impact of host-associated differentiation in agricultural practices -- 14.5 Conclusions. PART V APPLIED PERSPECTIVES -- 15 Disasters by Design: Outbreaks along Urban Gradients -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Case studies of arthropod outbreaks along urban gradients -- 15.3 Features and mechanisms contributing to outbreaks -- 15.4 Conclusions -- 16 Resistance to Transgenic Crops and Pest Outbreaks -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Definitions: field-evolved resistance and outbreaks -- 16.3 Evidence: has resistance to Bt crops caused pest outbreaks? -- 16.4 Conclusion -- 17 Natural Enemies and Insect Outbreaks in Agriculture: A Landscape Perspective -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Landscape influences on natural enemies and herbivore suppression -- 17.3 Scales at which landscapes influence natural enemies and outbreaks -- 17.4 Interaction of predator biology and landscape traits -- 17.5 Managing agricultural landscapes to prevent insect outbreaks -- 17.6 Conclusions -- 18 Integrated Pest Management - Outbreaks Prevented, Delayed, or Facilitated? -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Historical development of IPM in the United States -- 18.3 The nature of the beast -- 18.4 Integrating insect suppression tactics through IPM -- 18.5 Conclusions -- 19 Insect Invasions: Lessons from Biological Control of Weeds -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Population establishment -- 19.3 Population growth and spatial spread -- 19.4 Abiotic influences on insect dynamics -- 19.5 Biotic interactions affecting insect dynamics -- 19.6 Summary -- 20 Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Outbreak Potential -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Direct and indirect effects of climate warming on life history traits -- 20.3 Climate and expansion of outbreak range -- 20.4 Principles of population dynamics as related to climate change -- 20.5 Synthesis -- Subject Index -- Taxonomic Index -- Supplemental Images.
The abundance of insects can change dramatically from generation to generation; these generational changes may occur within a growing season or over a period of years. Such extraordinary density changes or "outbreaks" may be abrupt and ostensibly random, or population peaks may occur in a more or less cyclic fashion. They can be hugely destructive when the insect is a crop pest or carries diseases of humans, farm animals, or wildlife. Knowledge of these types of population dynamics and computer models that may help predict when they occur are very important. This important new book revisits a subject not thoroughly discussed in such a publication since 1988 and brings an international scale to the issue of insect outbreaks. Insect Outbreaks Revisited is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students in ecology, population biology and entomology, as well as government and industry scientists doing research on pests, land managers, pest management personnel, extension personnel, conservation biologists and ecologists, and state, county and district foresters.
9781118253861
Insect pests.
Insect populations.
Insects -- Ecology.
Electronic books.
QL496.15 -- .I57 2012eb
595.7
Insect Outbreaks Revisited. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (493 pages)
Intro -- Insect Outbreaks Revisited -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- PART I PHYSIOLOGICAL AND LIFE HISTORY PERSPECTIVES -- 1 Insect Herbivore Outbreaks Viewed through a Physiological Framework: Insights from Orthoptera -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Which conditions favor the individual, and can lead to insect herbivore outbreaks? -- 1.3 The plant-stress paradigm -- 1.4 Insect herbivore outbreaks - where do we go from here? -- 2 The Dynamical Effects of Interactions between Inducible Plant Resistance and Food Limitation during Insect Outbreaks -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Inducible resistance and insect outbreaks -- 2.3 Food limitation and insect outbreaks -- 2.4 Interactive effects of inducible resistance and food limitation -- 2.5 A note on multiple drivers of outbreaks -- 2.6 Future directions -- 2.7 Concluding remarks -- 3 Immune Responses and Their Potential Role in Insect Outbreaks -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The insect immune response -- 3.3 Sources of variation in immune response associated with outbreaks -- 3.4 Traits or conditions associated with outbreak species -- 3.5 Hypotheses on insect outbreaks and the immune response -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 4 The Role of Ecological Stoichiometry in Outbreaks of Insect Herbivores -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Ecological and biological stoichiometry -- 4.3 Nutrient ratios and insect herbivory -- 4.4 The growth rate hypothesis and insect outbreaks -- 4.5 Variance in host plant stoichiometry and insect outbreaks -- 4.6 Outbreak population dynamics models incorporating stoichiometry -- 4.7 Impact of insect outbreaks on plant and environmental stoichiometry -- 4.8 Ecological stoichiometry and natural enemy regulation of outbreaks -- 4.9 Conclusions -- PART II POPULATION DYNAMICS AND MULTISPECIES INTERACTIONS -- 5 Plant-Induced Responses and Herbivore Population Dynamics. 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Direct induced resistance and herbivory -- 5.3 Plant tolerance and herbivory -- 5.4 Plant indirect resistance affecting arthropod community interactions -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 6 Spatial Synchrony of Insect Outbreaks -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Quantifying synchrony -- 6.3 Causes of spatial synchrony -- 6.4 The ubiquity of synchrony and its implications -- 7 What Tree-Ring Reconstruction Tells Us about Conifer Defoliator Outbreaks -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Methodological considerations -- 7.3 Reconstructions of outbreak histories -- 7.4 Conclusions -- 8 Insect-Associated Microorganisms and Their Possible Role in Outbreaks -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Microbial assemblages within Insects -- 8.3 Can microbial genetic contributions facilitate host insect outbreaks? -- 8.4 Symbiosis-facilitated insect outbreaks in new habitats -- 8.5 Microbial symbionts as modulators of pest population dynamics -- 8.6 Manipulating microbes to affect insect outbreaks -- PART III POPULATION, COMMUNITY, AND ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY -- 9 Life History Traits and Host Plant Use in Defoliators and Bark Beetles: Implications for Population Dynamics -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Theoretical advances -- 9.3 Case study 1: Macrolepidoptera -- 9.4 Case study 2: Diprionid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) -- 9.5 Case study 3: Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) -- 9.6 Discussion and conclusions -- 10 The Ecological Consequences of Insect Outbreaks -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Outbreaking insects as consumers: Does outbreak herbivory reduce plant growth? -- 10.3 Outbreaking insects as ecosystem engineers: How do insect outbreaks affect succession? -- 10.4 Outbreaking insects as competitors: Do insect outbreaks increase competition? -- 10.5 Outbreaking insects as resources: Do insect outbreaks increase resource availability? -- 10.6 Key themes and future directions. 10.7 Conclusions -- 11 Insect Outbreaks in Tropical Forests: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Consequences -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Defining, categorizing, and detecting tropical insect outbreaks -- 11.3 Outbreaks in managed systems have biotic linkages to intact forests and vice versa -- 11.4 What taxa are likely to outbreak, and which traits predispose species to outbreak? -- 11.5 Likelihood of outbreaks within a stand and across transitions from dry to wet forests -- 11.6 The consequences of outbreaks for plant communities and species coexistence -- 11.7 Global change, disturbance, and outbreaks -- 11.8 Critical hypotheses need to be tested: A guide for future research on outbreaks -- 11.9 Conclusions -- 12 Outbreaks and Ecosystem Services -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Effects on provisioning services -- 12.3 Effects on cultural services -- 12.4 Effects on supporting services -- 12.5 Effects on regulating services -- 12.6 Conclusions -- PART IV GENETICS AND EVOLUTION -- 13 Evidence for Outbreaks from the Fossil Record of Insect Herbivory -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 A broad operational definition of insect outbreaks in the fossil record -- 13.3 The curious case of the discovery, outbreaks, and extinction of the rocky mountain grasshopper -- 13.4 Insect outbreaks in shallow time: The holocene spruce budworm and eastern hemlock looper -- 13.5 Insect outbreaks in deep time: focused folivory from four fossil floras -- 13.6 The macroevolutionary significance of insect outbreaks -- 13.7 Summary and conclusions -- 14 Implications of Host-Associated Differentiation in the Control of Pest Species -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Host-associated differentiation in herbivorous insect pests -- 14.3 Host-associated differentiation in parasitoids -- 14.4 Impact of host-associated differentiation in agricultural practices -- 14.5 Conclusions. PART V APPLIED PERSPECTIVES -- 15 Disasters by Design: Outbreaks along Urban Gradients -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Case studies of arthropod outbreaks along urban gradients -- 15.3 Features and mechanisms contributing to outbreaks -- 15.4 Conclusions -- 16 Resistance to Transgenic Crops and Pest Outbreaks -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Definitions: field-evolved resistance and outbreaks -- 16.3 Evidence: has resistance to Bt crops caused pest outbreaks? -- 16.4 Conclusion -- 17 Natural Enemies and Insect Outbreaks in Agriculture: A Landscape Perspective -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Landscape influences on natural enemies and herbivore suppression -- 17.3 Scales at which landscapes influence natural enemies and outbreaks -- 17.4 Interaction of predator biology and landscape traits -- 17.5 Managing agricultural landscapes to prevent insect outbreaks -- 17.6 Conclusions -- 18 Integrated Pest Management - Outbreaks Prevented, Delayed, or Facilitated? -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Historical development of IPM in the United States -- 18.3 The nature of the beast -- 18.4 Integrating insect suppression tactics through IPM -- 18.5 Conclusions -- 19 Insect Invasions: Lessons from Biological Control of Weeds -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Population establishment -- 19.3 Population growth and spatial spread -- 19.4 Abiotic influences on insect dynamics -- 19.5 Biotic interactions affecting insect dynamics -- 19.6 Summary -- 20 Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Outbreak Potential -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Direct and indirect effects of climate warming on life history traits -- 20.3 Climate and expansion of outbreak range -- 20.4 Principles of population dynamics as related to climate change -- 20.5 Synthesis -- Subject Index -- Taxonomic Index -- Supplemental Images.
The abundance of insects can change dramatically from generation to generation; these generational changes may occur within a growing season or over a period of years. Such extraordinary density changes or "outbreaks" may be abrupt and ostensibly random, or population peaks may occur in a more or less cyclic fashion. They can be hugely destructive when the insect is a crop pest or carries diseases of humans, farm animals, or wildlife. Knowledge of these types of population dynamics and computer models that may help predict when they occur are very important. This important new book revisits a subject not thoroughly discussed in such a publication since 1988 and brings an international scale to the issue of insect outbreaks. Insect Outbreaks Revisited is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students in ecology, population biology and entomology, as well as government and industry scientists doing research on pests, land managers, pest management personnel, extension personnel, conservation biologists and ecologists, and state, county and district foresters.
9781118253861
Insect pests.
Insect populations.
Insects -- Ecology.
Electronic books.
QL496.15 -- .I57 2012eb
595.7